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(i THE DAIRY Winter or Summer Dairying. The following article on winter and summer dairying by A. W. Trow is timely and exceedingly important. Tn our opinion winter dairying, if proper ly conducted, is vastly more profitable, in fact, we believe that a winter cow under proper conditions is equal to two spring cows of the same capacity, but as emphasized by Mr. Trow, the conditions must be favorable, other wise winter dairying will be a failure. "When the cow is left to herself hor choice for freshening is usually in the late spring. It is at this time that nature provides an abundance of those foods which are required by her for the proper regulation of her system. The succulent grass, with its laxative tendencies, contributes to the proper adjustment of her maternal organs for the work in hand. "Quite frequently the cow that brings but small returns in winter, for lack of proper care, will make a good showing during the warm, sunny days of spring and summer. It is the warmth, the sunshine and the grass that cause a liberal flow. "Although nature selects spring as the ideal time for the fresh cow, there are many factors against this season, among which are the low price of summer butter, and the larger amount of time to be had in winter for milk ing and calf-raising. The cow that comes fresh in late autumn gets a second impetus when turned on grass the following spring, and if properly cared for, will give more milk during the year than the spring cow, and the bulk of her produce will be placed on the market during high prices. She may then go dry at the worst of the fly season. She takes her vacation while our harvest work cuts short the time for milking. "The autumn calf is ready to take care of himself when grass grows, while the spring calf must be fed for an entire year before turning on pas ture. "In this winter dairying we are running against nature and herein lies the cause of frequent failures—fail ures for lack of an appreciation of the needs of the winter cow. If we are to change the course of nature, we must imitate nature's methods, and provide for this winter cow as nature provides for her in summer; which means sum mer conditions in winter time. Stables must be had that will make a summer temperature, as the natural warmth of summer enables the cow to utilize the greatest possible amount of her food in milk secretion. If we do not pro vide this summer temperature, she will use valuable food for generating heat. The food that is used in main taining animal heat cannot also be utilized in manufacturing milk. One investment in lumber for retaining the heat is much cheaper than a continu ous investment of expensive food for generating it. "Numerous barn windows must be provided for the admission of sunlight, as winter sunlight admitted through glass is equivalent to that of summer. One of the most common defects of the ordinary cow stables is its absence of windows, as not one in twenty has the required window space for admit ting the purifying, invigorating, germ destroying sunlight. We have yet to see the cow barn which has too many windows. "The green grass which the cow eats in summer comes close to a bal anced ration, which shows the wisdom of feeding a balanced ration in winter. This grass conlains the different ele ments in the right proportion for milk production, its various constituents are utilized, and but little goes to tax the cow's energies in being thrown off as waste matter, which is too often the case in winter when an unbalanc ed ration is fed. "The cow gives milk, not for the but ter which it contains, but for the pur pose of growing a calf. This milk must contain not only butter fat, but that which develops bone, muscles, nerve, hide, hair, etc., and the results obtained from feeding a balanced ra tion corroborates the conclusions of the chemists which demonstrate be yond the question of a doubt the ne cessity of providing a balanced ration for winter as nature provides in sum mer. "The palatability of summer food cannot be questioned, and this feature of all food stuffs demands our con sideration, as it is very unprofitable to starve a cow in order to oblige her to eat that which she does not relis'% and the succulence of summer food which puts the digestive tract in the best condition demonstrates the ad visibility of feeding such food in win ter, and the results obtained by feed ing ensilage or roots proves beyond a doubt the practicability of providing a succulent food for winter to aid the digestion and keep the cow's machin ery in the fine working condition pe culiar to summer. "Notwithstanding the advantages of winter dairying, we would not advise every farmer to practice it. Some men would make a larger profit from sum mer dairying. The man and the con ditions must be taken into consider ation. "Nature always throws fewest ob stacles in the way of those who con duct themselves in harmony with her, consequently the man who has not sufficient energy to .surmount these obstacles should stick to the old fash ioned summer dairying, as nature will care for her own, but if he has the ability to duplicate nature, out of sea son, and make summer for his cows in winter he will be financially re warded for his ability and effort. Hence it is easy to see that there is a place for both classes of dairymen, summer dairymen as well as winter dairymen. The question is not which is the best method to follow, but the first thing for a man to do is to take an inventory of his circumstances and of himself and then go into the class to which he naturally belongs. Not so much depends upon which is the best class of dairying but more upon a man's getting into the class to which he belongs." How Gurler Practices Dairying. One of the most successful dairymen in the country is H. B. Gurler of De Kalb, 111., who owns 200 cows and sells their milk in Chicago for 12 cents a quart. For years Mr. Gurler has aimed at the loftiest ideals in dairying and has been very particular a3 to cleanliness in everything about his dairy. His cows have been se lected for their quality as milkers and Mr. Gurler has made his land produce the fullest measure of returns possible. In a recent article Mr. Gurler sets forth some of his ideas and the stand ard of work he follows with his dairy. Says he: "A young business man recently said to me that he wished he had a farm; he said that farmers were put ting much less thought into their work than the business men were, and were making more money. I am sure this is true, as a rule, and it is time we were looking up the opportunities on the farms, and especially on the dairy farms. "The Illinois experiment station has learned that one cow can make two and one-half times as much from the same amount of feed as another cow in the same herd that had the same care. This shows the individuality of cows, and the only way to learn this is by the use of the scale and the Babcock test. A person can learn in a very short time to operate this test, and it makes the work very in teresting. "In my experience I find that cows that will produce only 200 pounds of butter annually will simply pay for the feed and labor, and a man might as well work by the month as to keep tin: ranch T?J 1 "Cheapest" doesn't always mean the lowest priced, £ Jrh^. I certainly does not when applied to cream separators. ■ /TjJrTEI Numerous makes of separators nowadays are offered JGf njjkra£y for less than the famous and improved M ,£Sa U. S. Cream Separators I /'ft|i?BHy| ' \ Which hold World's Record for Close Skimming. ■ /f^^^^Smm 1 A very short use of those cheap "job-lot" machines VI ■WV 111 1 proves it costs so much to keep them "goinp" during IB WJg HI ■ 1 their short life that they're not "cheap" even as a gift- M 4«fc3r( ifl 1 I (not to mention their poor results) Time has conclusively ■■ t~ IVHI » .A proven that U. S. Separators B jLjJFW are LEAST EXPENSIVE I i || -^ i because the cos to maintain them is so small in com- H jfcfc—■ -^ parison with their long and unequalled service. H Dm Fond Dv Lac, Wis., September 15, 1004. HI ■■ To whom it may concern: —l have used one of your U. S. Separators for the past ■■ H - twelve years and it has givan the very best satisfaction. I have paid 75 cents for extras ■■ since getting the machine. I cannot recommend the U. S. too highly.—J. BALSON." W^ Our handsome Dairy Separator catalogue tells all about the splendid Km Ci construction that makes possible such testimony as this. Get it now, it's By H free, and you'll find it interesting, we know. B M VERMONT FARM MACHINE CO., Bellows Falls, Vt. ■ M 408 Prompt Deliveries, from 18 Distributing Warehouses throughout United States and Canada B A. M. FEKRELL, Agent ior Washington, iNorth of Montesario, 2511 Wetmore Avenue Everett, Washington this kind of a dairy. But if he will test his cows, and weed out the ones that ?.re making him no profit, and fill their places with cows that will pro duce 300 pounds annually, he will soon have a dairy that will be a source of profit and pleasure. "When we think of the comparative value of cows to be kept in the dairy for a term of years, it is interesting at least to note that the 200-pound cows leave one nothing, and the 300 --pound cows leave 100 pounds of but ter for profit, which with a dairy of fifty cows brings $1,000 clear money for the year's work. And 300 pounds is not the limit by any means, as many dairymen reach 350 pounds of butter annually per cow, which means at least $10 more added to the net profit, and if one persists intelligently, the 400-pound mark can be reached, which would leave the owner at least $40 per cow clear profit. "The successful merchants and man ufacturers do not let such opportu nities go umimproved; if they did, they would be compelled to quit business. Dairying is more confining than other lines of farm work, and for that rea son alone it will always pay better for a term of years than other lines, as the farmer will not stay by the cows unless it does pay better." Improved Dairying. Enterprising dairymen are improv ing their methods and putting out a better product and the public is grad ually becoming informed as to the questions of public health. This may be seen in laws in regard to spitting, on tuberculosis treatment, plumbing and in many other lines, and the dairy man is not, as he sometimes thinks, being singled out by the lawmakers. Accordingly we see articles in print in regard to these things, including milk. We read that a large number of children lose their lives because of poor milk or that some city's supply is bad. Often these articles are false; too often they are true. What is the dairyman going to do? We cannot afford to ignore such statements. We must maintain good reputations for milk, butter and cheese. The reason for these criticisms must be removed. Campaign for Quality. The seed sown among the butter makers for quality in their product is bearing fruit. A few creameries, we find, are "pricking up their ears" and asking their patrons to lift a uttle in the fight for good butter. The average creamery patron, possibly (and prob ably) does not intend to be dirty. He may even think he is clean. But he does not understand the situation fully. He fails to see the necessity of exercising great cleanliness in hand ling his milk. The importance of care fully cooling and aerating his milk im- mediately after it is drawn is not clear to him; and he doesn't do it because he doesn't realize why it is necessary —and possibly because it makes more work. Some patrons are slack them selves because they think others are, so they "slop away"—run their milk I There are only two classes of I hand cream separators I The Omega I and all others. Because of the great simplicity, ease of operating, ease \ l^^^^^^^B in cleaning and per ■■l I feet skimming the r B|w— 1 Omega is in a class - BEM Iby itself. No other ■ / j| I can be compared to it j m I 14 lor classed with it. ipNlmW The proof is in the EJSiTflj^l trial. You will know BP:[«sibS to a certainty, if you try it. Our book, Wm\i ■■■ Milk Returns, tells all . Hi IHI about the Omega ■HI IVI and much more which ■■I ■■■ every cow owner ■ BJHHI should know. We ' |W^ mail the book free. Wf We want a good, active agent * ■ in every locality. Special in -1 ducements to experienced sep- | I arator salesmen. 1 1 The Omega Separator Co. r Get one-third More Milk ■% KnocK the Flies Use Child's "So-Bos-So Kilny" on your stock. It means money in your pocket, for cows give one third more milk and horses do better and on less feed when pro tected from the flies. It requires only a few seconds to apply ll and costs less than i/j-cent a day per head. You cannot afford to do without it. Write for twenty page booklet. Portland Seed Co. Pacific Coat A^nt.^^ OBi