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Mr. Wraps: Invites contributions of ny new Ideas that readers of this de Vartment may wish to present, and would ! rleasrl to answer correspond ents dpflrlnsr Information on BiiMecH llacussed. Address M. J. Wracg. Wau- DWARF FRUIT TREES. In the orchards ot tho present day !n America, a good, genuine dwarf pear or applo la a curiosity, and there are hundreds ot wide awake fanner ar.d fruit men who never saw one in their lives, says tho Country Gentle man. Tho reason for tho neglect of tho dwarfs is not far to seek. They to long distinctively to the European sys tem of horticulture and nro quite out ride tho American system. In other words, they belong to the fruit gar den and not In tho orchard. In this country wo are concerned with fruit only on tho largo scale. Yet, with the present significant Increase of Inter est In suburban affairs, with the pres ent rapid extension of the garden cult among those who work in town, and who live at least In the edges of the ity, thtro is bound to bo a revival of interest 'in this really practicable and useful business of dwarfing trees. At the present tho pear is the only fruit grown to any extent In tho dwarf form. A few growers have orchards of dwarf pear trees reaching commer cial proportions. These are most nu merous iu southern Michigan. An other and more considerable number of pear growers have been planting new orchards of -standard trees with Nlwarf pears as "fillers." That Is they mso rows of dwarf pear trees between i ho standards, with a view of getting several crops from the former and cut ting them out before the standard trees needed all the space. Apples are still occasionally grown as dwarfs, though wo have never heard of a sin gle instance in which they havo been planted lor commercial purposes. Other trees, such as plums, peaches, apricots and cherries are almost total ly unknown as dwarf. The dwarf fruit Is secured by a com bination of two processes propaga tion and priming. The tree Is first pro pagated upon some slow growing root, which tends to dwarf it that is. to "stunt it" and then it Is pruned back severely, and not allowed to fill a great space. This second part tho pruning is quite essential with many trees, and some inexperienced garden ers have earned serious disappoint ment through Its neglect. The first problem, then, is the selec tion of tho dwarfing stock. In the case of tho pear this Is nearly always the quince. The quince root grows much slower than the pear root, and when a pear scion Is put on a quince stock it is simply starved or stunted Into tho dwarf form. In a similar way the Paradise apple, which was origi nally a dwarf wild apple of Europe, is used as a dwarfing stock for apples. Tho plum is usually said to be dwarfed by working It on Myrobolan stock, but a3 a matter of fact, nearly all plums in this part of tho country are now worked on that stock, yet (hey are grown as standards.- In this case it is a matter of pruning. Such stocks as the sand cherry are much more effective In dwarfing the plum, and It is possible that they will come into use for that purpose. The cher ry is said to bo dwarfed on Mahaleb stock, but this statement stands just where stands the one about plums on Myrobolan stock. A dwarf cherry tree may be made by budding on Mahaleb roots, and then by giving severe prun ing, but. tho pruning Is the greater part of tho business. The peach may worked on any species of plum, anfl the plum stock has a tendency to dwarf tho scion. The same thing ran be. done with the apricot. Any ot these can be made into dwarfs'by cut ting tack. Most persons ecem to Jump at the conclusion that when the tree Is btitnted the fruit Is unfavorably af fected. If the tree Is made smaller, They think the fruit would naturally hi smaller, too. In fact the reverse Is true. Tho fruit Is usually made larger. Perhaps It would be Impos sible to explain why this Is tho case, and at any rate there Is not space hero to guess why; but -such is tho general truth. They are highly useful for small yards on town or suburban lots, whero space is crowded, and whero It Is specially desirable that trees come into bearing at once. When a man -rents the premises he lives on, and moves every two or three years, a a largo part of our population unhap pily does, ho cannot wait ten yeara for a big tree of Northern Spy or Twenty Ounce to get down to business. A dwarf tree Is a curious, Interesting and entertaining object, anyway, and every well regulated family ought to havo three or forr merely as playthings. Dwarf apples may be planted as close ly p.3 six feet apart, but pears and most otrr dwarf trees require at .least ten fccL Pcl beans and other garden vtuff -wiit ripe. If allowed to remain c.n the Hi'ound there vcr.1 be unneces sary Va-vto, and waste iuvUci want. X . . . . f "2hrK A DIFFERENCE. There Is a dlfferenco between the farmer who is a farmer by chanco and the farmer who is a farmer by choice. The former is generally a man deco rated, so to speak, from head to foot with mortgages and judgments; whilo the latter Is a man who despises debts, and whose original capital, maybe, consisted of only a wondrous storo of energy and cool judgment he greatest factors in the matter of fortune-building on or off the farm. No matter what Industry engages the attention of u man, he must, by tho nature of things, be interested in his work to be successful. To be in terested means lo have some choice at leadt in the avocation he pursued. The usual difference between farmers by chance and farmers by choice Is well illustrated by a man sleeping and awake. To the farmer who has made farm ing his choice, every day has a bright outlook. When he gazes upon a field being prepared for seeding, he does not see drouth and disaster awaiting the growing crop, but instead, ho sees a vision of waving grain and grass. When he looks upon the rich and gol den harvest, like a true husbandmau. he sees at a glance only joyous pros perity, the ripened fruits of his earn est and heroic labor. Farming is to-day the world's great est Industry, and it will be a bright day for agriculture when tho slow and sleeping mortal who farms by chance Is awakened to realize his op portunities. In June at the close of the 1102-03 term of the Northwestern University, there were graduated six teen young men who have made farm ing their choice a greater number than declared for any other pursuit. Advancement is continually being made in tho farming industry, and It will progress still further so long as there is an Increase In tho farmers who farm by choice. Th K'.ntlo cow looked ;tlly toun'. Her face suffused with Khatne: For all ihi Ills which now abound. I'm Huro J'm not to llam The. milk ti kt s on un azure tint. Its tanto le!le its name: Tho cream is but a piifsltij; hint. Ui:t 1 am not to bl-mir. And when I am tot forth as beef. Tho prices" they proclaim I'.fcorrv u Hourco of general grW. I5ut I am not to Maine. For I havo simply dono my best Ami tried no crooked parnc; The human btinps the rent. And 1 um not to blame. FARM IMPROVEMENTS. I have a few thoughts in mind about farm improvements which I am going to write, as it may be of somo benefit to others. In the first place too many farmers practice too close grazing cf the pasture lands. The hot pun of summer bakes the surface ot the ground, killing the grass roots; this followed by the winds and frosts of winter not only ruins the pasture, but impoverishes the soil. Grass land that is too closely pastured will re tain the moisture it received, forcing a more abundant growth. The prac tice of pasturing meadows after har vest, to any great extent, will be a loss in the next season's crop of hay. It should be the aim of every farmer to have the soil in better condition after a succession of crops than when the ground is first broken. This may be done by net selling off the hay and grain, but feeding it on the farm; thereby returning to the soil in the shape cf manure the equivalent of that produced. Whenever fences arc required, and of whatever kind, they should be well kept. Nothing gives a farm a '"run-down" appearance quicker than bad fences. It Is no sign of improvement to see the fence cor ners lined with briers and bushes and the rails scattered about all taking the room o! somo valuable crop. Board fences sag over, with the, posts a foot or more above the boards, which, if put that much deeper in the ground, might have. made a good fence. The posts of a wire fence should not be too far apart, and they should be well braced with each wire drawn tight. Aftor all, there is more in the train ing of a dog than iu the breed. Some of the most useful and intelligent dogs we have ever known havo been of mongrel breeds, but from their puppy hood were carefully trained for cer tain lines of work. There is a point here in the fact that the same rulo applies to boys as well as degs. FEEDING VALUE OF CLOVE-IN THE DAIRY. Few fully appreciate the feeding value of this plant. It contains the elements of growth and milk in tho right proportion. When corn Is worth forty cents a bushel tho protein that is contained in a ton cf good clover hay should be worth from $12 to $13. When timothy hay Is worth six dol lars, clover hay Is worth almost twice as much. It contains one-half moro rr.ilk-maklrg material than millet hay, and Instead of exhausting the soil like; timothy or millet. It builds it up by taking nitrogen from the' atmos phere and brings to tho surface soil potash and phosphoric acid from tho subsoil. KEEP GOOD COWS. It is Just as essential to keep good cows a3 any other animal. No man can afford to keep poor cows, and es pecially the poor man. If a rich man wants to waste his money in poor cows It is not quite so bad, but a poor man mu;t know better, or ho cannot expect much profit. In ;rder to make headway the poor man must keep ani mals and use feed that will make tho largest profit. You cannot afford to keep a singly cow that does not mako you a profit. Ue practical and busl-ness-liko and apply he only sure test. Keep a book in which to enter on ono side all milk, cream and butter, whether consumed by tho family or sold. They are worth in your family exactly what you would havo to pay for them if you had no cows. On tho other side enter the feed con sumed, whether purchased or raised on your farm. Tho hay or corn fed is worth oa your farm tho market price, less cost of delivering to mar ket. This test, even if conducted for a short time, will show you facts and not what you guess about it. Some people refuse to spend money for the best feed for their cows. This is poor economy, because it is simply an in vestment which will bring good re turns. In selecting choice dairy cows; if the richest milk Is wanted, keep the Jerseys; if both butter and milk arc wanted, keep the Ayreshire, but if a large quantity of milk is wanted for the manufacture of cheese, then tae Holiteins must have firsfplace. Rut. however, in cither case always select tho bebt. Suppose you pay $30 for a poor cow, and come out even at tho end of the year. Suppose you pay $G0 for a first-class cow, and at tho end of the year she can show you a profit of $30. If you keep cows for profit just figure this over carefully. It re quires just as good business qualities to be a successful dairyman as it does to be successful in any other business. If you don't think so you had better quit the business. We notice our lumber dealer has stocked up extensively on catalpa posts. He has a whole raft of them In tho yard, and they are all good oncii. Catalpa makes a post that is r:o slouch. It almost comes up to tho Osage crange in lasting qualities, and it will hold staples much better. We believe Catalpa wood will mako tbo bulk of the fence posts of the prairie states in years to come. Catalpas aro certainly amazing trees to grow, espe cially for a tree that grows such good wood. JERUSALEM ARTICHOKES. If the farmers of the South knew the great 1 coding value of this plant in connection with swine raising It would soon become one of the leading crops on every farm where hog3 are raised cither for home supply or mar ket. They should bo planted as early in the spring a;? potatoes, and In near ly the same manner and varieties of so'l. Plow deep, so that a good root bed is provided. Cut the tubers as you would potatoes, using your own judgment It yon are an experienced potato raiser. Plant a little thinner than potatoes, as the planls grow tall and ttfrcw out long branches. Culti vate as you do your corn, laying by when the stalks get too tall to work over without breaking. They aro har vested as potatoes, If the tubers arc to be stored. If for hog food tho ani mals may be turned into the field to root out the tubers as needed. It Is often remarked of city people that every one of them wears signs of being hurried, careworn, anxious and that it shows itself in their very walk and action. There is a restless, worn look about tho eye, lines are In the face, and tho hair is prematurely gray. It is said that, as a people, they are nervously active and dissatis fied. This is getting to bo true, also, of country people. Human nature Is very much tho same tho world over. The euro for it is to give up tho idea of getting rich, and to bo content with making a good, ordinary living. FARM NOTES. The best way to keep the boy on the farm Is to let him own something. Give him a couple of pigs. They may bo tho means of making farm lifo enjoyable to him. For scratches on horsfs take sul phur, saltpeter and ginger, equal parts of tho three, and lard enough to make a salve. Wash legs clean onco a day with air slacked lime, and apply tho salvo. In almost every case of vlclousnoss in a horse, tho horso has contracted tho vice from man. In cases of In herited vice, it is tho fault of the man If It has not been cured. VIcIoms associations corrupt horses as well as man. ' 1 Hogs need a clean bed as much as people do. Especially should dirty sleeping places bo avoided. Hogs suffer from inhaling dust as much as men or raen or children do. Dis ease fioaut on tho air and dust Is tho vehicle ly which it reaches its destination. tuompsov jt nirarnvs kkxv yokic iiirroimoitiu ani a si is 3lI2.Vr I.STITl'TIO!V. At Iat New ork is to have a great amusement roort worthy Its Ini incuse lopulatlon. Messrs. Thompson uiul Dundy., owners of Luna Park, an now building un the east side of Sixth avenue, between Forty-third and For ty -fourth streets, a maiiunotli hippo drome n nd amusement Institution that while retaining the general character of the great hlppodroino oT Ixndon will aim to surpass it in attractive ness. Tho New York Hippodrome will be thrown open to the public on I cember loth. Iu Interior design and general features the resort will be un like anything ever seen Iu this couu try, or, for that matter, ubroad. Two stupendous spectacular productions. each replete with surprises and pre sented with lavish disregard of cost will be features of every program These great productions will have the advantage of caMs greater In number than have e( r before lieea Keen any where. Fach of (he great productions will introduce merely its incidental di versions the world's greatest novelties gathered from all the corners of the earth. Including the best circus acts, the most curious exlul.lti and the world's greatest vaudeville celebrities. These? siHvtncular productions, as a rule, will ha vo tiramatie themes. They will be plays of stirring romance tu be shown in life-like realism, plays of royal courts to be shown In opulent pageants and princely splendor, plays of everyday lite and strange places in cur own or some other country. In addition to the great host of fea tures, strange ami curious, to be in troduced In these spectacular produc tions, will be found in the hippodrome, two circus rings, each operated sitnul tpneously. Two great stages alo will Ite In constant use for the production. l.esidoH these unusual attractions a great pool will bo found In the hippo drome on which at intervals will be presented Interesting, instructive and amusing water pntitomincs. Uunnlng cither way from the center entrance of tbo hijr Ironic, en Sixth avenue, will be found menageries comprising all tho wild ar.d tame animals of the earth In g'nss cages. The main stage of the hippodrome will be the largest In the world, so devised that a thous and people, including horses and other animals may be inarched and counter inarched. Tho hippodrome will bo open dally from 10 a. m. to 12 mid night. Stag' peiiormances will Ikj given afternoon and tight. The au ditorium of the hippodrome will seat T..200 persons. The program! will b iu two parts, each about an hour and a half lo'tg, with twenty minutes In termission. The btilhliug wlil cost $1. 210.000. P.uilt of marble, stool and Iron it will bo tiro-proof throughout. Prices will tango from 2."c to $1. To prevent ticket speculation, Messrs. Thompson ami Dundy will have their own ticket sellers stationed about the entrance of iho hippodrome to sell the best seats always at regu lar Ikx oilieo rntts. HememoiT the opening date, December lth. Production of Rubber. The general Impression prevails that rubber is a product like wheat or corn to be obtained from a given tree. The Idea Is quite erroneous. It has been estimated that 1,000 different species contain rubber, though, commercial quantities have been obtained from only forty or fifty. Jews In New Ycrk. According to the most authorita tive estimates, there are now about 700.000 Jews In New York, the total popIuatJon of which In 1903, as esti mated by the census bureau, was 3,716,139. Ferbaps-tho Jews may bo about one-fifth of tho present popula tlon. As .to Eyebrows. "I always look at a man's eye brows before employing hlra." says a successful tradesman. "If they meet I know I " am getting an active, shrewd, calculating, determined, am bitious and generally successful em ploye one who will rise." To Grow Cotton In Africa. Germany, following the courso of the English and French cotton manu facturers, is agitating a movement to cultlvato cotton in German Africa, with the Idea of securing a nourco of supply Independent of tho American market. Loss Due to Fire. A Birmingham, England, insurance office recently received a claim for compensation from a woman for the loss of a joint of meat which was Burnt In the oven. Sho Informed thera that the loss was duo to fire. Stone Churches Crumble. In 700 years the stouo work of three successive parish churches erected at Rowley Regis, Staffordshire, England, has crumbled away, and It has now been found necessary to erect a fourth church. Little Rheumatism In Japan. Rheumatism Is almost unknown in Japan. Tho Japanese "escape the malady to a great degree by avoid ing the excessive use ot alcohol and tobacco. Paper Made from Refuse Hops. The discovery has been mad that good paper can, be produced from the refuse hops that havo hitherto been thrown away in breweries. Dooks Are Utllzed. The inhabitants of Mainr, Ger many, are great readers. Of the 200, 000 volumes in their library, 40,000 wcr used last year. Largest Serpent on Record. The largest serpent ever measured was a Mexican anaconda, which was fouad to bo 37 feet In length. . Temperature of Churning. Many a farmer's wife Bpolls her butter by churning at 'too high a temperature. The result is that the product of her churn is greasy and poor in quality and keeps for but a short time. Somo people also put hot water Into the cream to make the but ter come quicker. The result of this riso in temperature Is to destroy the grain and at the same time incorpo rate with tho butter a great deal of casein, which is tho part that goes to mako the body of cheese. This but ter is Increased in quantity also by tho Incorporation of an unusual amount of water. If tho butter Is made when tho temperature of tho cream is at, say, SO degrees, tho kind of a butter will result that if it came under tho eyes of United States dairy Inspectors would be excluded from the market and the sellers thereof fined for selling butter with a water con tent above the legal 16 per cent. The woman that wants to mako good but ter must do her churning when the cream Is at a temperaturo of not above C3 degrees. It would bo better to churn at as low as fifty degrees, but this Is rather hard for people that havo to churn by hand. The peo ple that try to work the so-called two minute churns frequently havo to raise the temperature of the cream to about 80 degrees beforo getting the results that havo been advertiecd. That Is, tho time of churning Is reg ulated to some exteut by tho tempera ture. Every maker of butter should havo a thermometer. One can be pur chased for twenty cents, and, this be ing the case, there is no reason why every person should not have tho ad vantage of knowing the temperature of their cream at churning time. Cream In the Pantry. It Is common in our farm houses to set the cream in the pantry or in the cel!arway, whero all kinds of food aro also kept. It is safe to say that cream cannot be set in such places and glvo good butter. Some people may like butter that tastes of dough nuts, pies, cookies, liraburgcr cheese, onions, celery, cloves, cinnamon, oranges, apples and tho like, but most people like to have the aroma that belongs to butter rather than to the pantry. Probably the one greatest ob stacle to getting good flavor in farm mado butter is this one of the setting of milk to riso in the pantry. It is such a firmly settled custom- that it will be with difficulty broken up, in spite of tho fact that much 6uch but ter has to bo sold to the poorest mar ket and at not above U.n cents per pound. Tho nose of tho housewife Is so accustomed to tho smells of the pantry that she never thinks of them when 6he is putting her milk away to undergo the process of cream raising. Cream in tho pantry Ehould be abol ished, and in Its place should como cream in the cream room, a place set aside for this operation and scaled against tho entrance of all odors that will give the butter a . disagreeable taste. Tho woman that dees that Is very likely to get a great reputation as a maker of fire butter. Wheat Bran For Milk Making. Men frequently misjudge tho value of feeds by their density. Thus there is a strong opinion among farmers that cornmeal Is better for milk mak ing than bran. It is heavy and has a beautiful color and the cow owner as sociates it with rich cream. But tho fact Is, bran 16, In the main, more val uable for milk makiiig than is corn meal, In spite of the attractive ap pearance of cornmeal. Tho stomach of tho cow is better suited to take car of bran than of cornmeal, be cause it is more bulky. The cow was made for tho purpose of using up just such waste products as bran would be without farm animals to consume It. And bran cannot be Judged by its lightness. Tho question of using or not using bran is ono that must bo decided on Its price, compared with the prices of other like feeds. At the same price as corn it is far more profitable to bo used for tho making of milk. Its protein content Is high, but not 6o high that tho digestive ap paratus of the animals will be injured by it. American farmers should not permit a pound of bran to go across tho waters, but should buy and feed every pound of it, thus not only mak ing the profit that may b made out of It, but saving tho fertility for their land; for tho fertilizing qualities of bran are considerable. The Hand Separator to Stay. There has been war between the men that believe In hand separators for farm use and tho men that believe that all milk should be hauled to the creamery. The latter declare that as good butter cannot be made from gathered cream as from the cream taken from fresh rallk brought in. This may be so; but one thing should not be lost sight of, and that is that tho hand separator has como to stay, and the argument of whether It Is a food thing may as well bo dlicon tinucd. Tho time will be better spent if put upon tho questions that have come with It Every situation has its own problems and every new Inven tion brings a lot of new problems. It was only natural that tho hand sep arator should have its new phases and Its new questions. Somo of theeo aro hard to settle. The hardest Is the one relating to the freshness of tho cream when delivered to the butter maker. This problem will bo settled as have all other Questions before IL JA UNITED STATES SEfATOR Used Pe-ru-na For Dyspepsia Wil! Great Benefit. EX-TJ. S. Senator M. C. Eitfler from fnith Carolina, was Senator from, that state for two terms. In a recent letter from Washington, D. C, lit6ayst 7 can recommend I'eruna for dys pepsia and stomach trouble. I hare been using your medicine for a short period and I feel very much relieved. It Is Indeed a wonderful mediclno be sides a good tonic. "At. C. Butter. I'eruna is not 6imply a remedy for dyspepsia. Peruna is a catarrh remedv. Peruna cures dyspepsia because it is generally dependent upon catarrli of the 6tomach. I f you do not derive prompt and; satin factory results from the use ol IVruna, write at once to Dr. Hartman, ciVing1 a full statement of your ctwe send he will be pleased to give you his valmtblo ad vice gratis. Address Dr. Hartman, President of The Hartmau Sanitarium, Cottrmbua, O. Making Sweet Scents. The oils of roses, lavender, orange blossoms and many others bt ob tained by distilling the Cowers In water. The oils rise with tho etram and float on the top of the water, which presently condenses In the- re ceiver. Thus the pure oil IJr extract ed, but the water remaining, fnrpTcg nated with minute particles of the oil. retains a delightful fragrance cd. under such names as rose water and lavender water, Is placed uprm the market as perfume for the follet. Law Against Football. On the statute book of Scotland Is still an act passed In 1.424, ordering that "na man play at futeball," be cause It Is "esteemed to be unpToflt' able sport for tho common gude cf the realme and defence thereof." There Is also a statute agafmrt alien Immigration, passed In 1426, and au thorizing "all his majesty's good" sub jects" to "take, apprehend, lurprfson and execute to death the 6nM Egip tians (Gypsies), either men or women." Mystery of the Rain Tree. The mystery of the rain tree of the Canaries is a cloud that hovers about It constantly; this Is condensed to water, which saturates the leave and, falling from them U constant drops, keeps the cisterns wtfth are In excavation beneath them alway full of water. OLD FASHIONED. But Still In the Fa&Hlon. It Is an ever new and Inttresttng story to hear how one can be entirely made over by change of food. "For two years I was troubled with what my physician said was tho old fashioned dyspepsia. "There was nothing I could" at but 20 or 30 minutes later I would bo spit ting my rood up in quantities until i would be very faint and weak Thla went out from day to day until I was terribly wasted away and without any prospect of being helpecL "One day I was advised by an old lady to try Grape-Nuts and cream leaving off all fatty food. I had no confidence that Grape-Nuts wuitfd do all she said for me as I had tried o many things without any hefp. But it was so simple I thought I would give it a trial she insisted so. "Well I ate some for breakfast and ij pretty soon the lady called to see her ' 'patient' as she called me trail asked if I bad tried her advice. '"Glad you did child, do you feel some better?' "'No.' I said, 'I do not fcaow as 1 do, the only difference I can seo Is. I have no sour stomach and confeto ' think of It I haven't spit upy yonr tour ":; teaspoons of Grape-Nuts yet i "Nor did I evsr have any trouble with Grape-Nuts then or any other j time lur mis iooa always bijs uuwa, - and my stomach digests it perfectly; I soon got Strong and well again and bless that old laay every ume i see j "Once an Invalid of 98 poumSs I now weigh 125 pounds and fee! strong and well and It ts due entirely and cnly to having found the proper food In Grape-Nuts." Nam given my Postura Co., Battle Creek, Mich, Get the little book. "The Ho ad to WtilTllls" la each pkc. HON. M. C. BUTLER, t !Ex-UnltU State Senator From Booth Carolina. I