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THE YALE EXPOSITOR, THURSDAY. OCTOBER 4. 1917. CHEAP FEED NOT W S Analyses Show High-Priced Feeds Are Frequently Most Economical. RATIONS ARE SUGGESTED Cortege Makes Out Ust of What Dairymen Havu Found to Do Practical Under Present Conditions. Dy J. A. WM.ORON, Extension Aqn r Oai'ying. Mich igan AQT'eu'ure Cnllcq. Cast Landing. Mich IfT-nt derpj. ofiments In ln dairy industry of the statw have glvu -.lxlryx-n cason to hope, that hot tor tim tiro In store for tliH'o duing lh coming year. Something approaching moro equit able prices for milk and hutterfat neeta to be on the way imd unless the Mgnr fall It should pay dairymen to stay ia busings. It will be practicable to feed grain ur concentrates, though perhaps the supply of these won't be so liberally dealt out to the didry herd as In times pust. Hut in purchasing grain and concentrates it has too often been the practice anions dairyman to Judge feed not by Its food valuo or nutrient eontent but by the price nskod for it. Manr a man won't pay $!." a ton for higlw-las' concentrates when he can puprhase niothor sort for $10, though many tosts have amply proved that not lufiMucntly the $4." fd may be realty nr' economical than I he $40 kind, la making purchases this fall. The dairyman therefore should buy i4 nlono on the basis of price, but m the basis of nutrient content as well. An Illustration In point may make this a little clearer. ' If n dairyman has a supply of silage and othor roughage on hand, and It Is a question of Laying in some protein feed to bnl-iiaeo- he ration, would It be wiser to lKirchaKe wheat bran at $40 n ton, or my. cottonseed meal (choice) at $"1 a ton? 1h nnswr I simple. "Uuy cot ton sec I. fo- ut these, prices u pound of digestible mul protein costs 10 ccn.s in Ibe bum and only 0.0 rnts ia the cottonseed. The cot of protein la the ud'onveod. It will sen. Is only about one-half as rrnjb por pound its that in the bran, do.-nito ' Mio fact 'bat rotlutiM'Ml costs $1 J ni'ir n ton. In oilier nor N, the dairyman who mny be tkl'ig prton supplomont for hi" jnllon :-honhl Inquire how niiirh protein he Is g'-tUng f,,r his moony nd not Tire'y how nifh ''food.' Where Ibe ea"gln of profit in Mio dulrv bii'ioss Is so slight nt tlin's n to bo alioost Invisible to Mm linked ye. this Item Is nn important on. With feeds os n whole, recent ln rrctigntlon has proved I hat protein, the rallk-forming nutrient. Is rheiie at present time (October, l!M7) In cot tonseed meal, nlfnlfn hnv. oil omul nod lover liny, and In the case of Mm lendy-mlxod feeds It hns been noted that protein and the total nutrients are without exception cheaper In the feeds containing n higher nmount of protein and total nutrients, even though these feeds cost more per ton drain. further, should not be thrown away, but this rqnnot bo avoid ed unless cows are fed Individually, that Is according to their milk produe. tion. Men who have made n go of the dairy business and who have trmdo money despite recent adverslMos, have found thai n n rule one pound of grain pcr day should be fed to n com for each two and one-half to four pounds of milk produced cr day do pending upon quality of milk, or one pound of grain per day for each pound .of butt erf at, produced per week. Knowing how much to feed, the next pressing question Is. "What shou'd we feed?" To timet this Inquiry n list of rations which many of Michigan's best diilryrieo have found will secure rerts. hps been compiled. They wre planned for n 1.000-pound cow, prodnHm.' 'bont HO pounds of 3.fi to A per oi-nt milk, or 25 pounds of 4.5 or f M-r cent milk. Flrt. Iti Mm case of the dairyman who l.-i alfalfa and corn silntre on hand for roughng nny of the follow ing may be used to balance the ra tion: Ration (n) . Daily Feed Common! 21,? pounds Oats .....2 pounds Cottonseed or gluten moal.i pound Jtatlon (b) , Parley 3 pounds Ont 2 pounds Cottonseed or gluten ?neil.i pound Ration (e) Unicorn Xt'2 pounds Ration (d) Unicorn 3 pounds Oaf 3 pounds Ration (c) Snrrcne 7 (lounds Ration (f) Radger ("airy feed 7 pounds Ration (g) Larrowe Rig Six A pounds Ration h) Rcet pulp 5 pounds Cottonseed ot gluten tnenl.2 pounds Where m!xd hay or corn stover and rorn sllnge lire used, nny one of the following rations may be fed with them: Ration (a) Dally Feci C'ornmeal 3 pound Oats 3 pounds Cottonseed or gluten men 1.2 pounds Nation (b) Hurley f pounds Oats ; pounds Cottonseed or gluten nmal.2 pounds Ration (r) Unleorn 7 pounds Ration H) Unleorn n pounds t 3 pounds Ration fe) Sucreno 0 pounds Ration (f) Radger dairy feed 0 pounds Ration fg) Larrowe Rig Six pounds Ration (h) Heot pulp 5 pounds Gluten meal l pound Cottonseed meal 2 pounds' Or If a dry roughage like mixed hay or corn si over Is fed, the supplemen tary ration may be one of the follow ing: Rat I oh fa) Pally Feed Corn and cob meal ,r pounds n,lfx 3 pounds Oil meal 2 pounds Ration (h) Rarley 4 pounds O'Ms ;j M)Unds I'-ran ; i pound Oil meal 2 pounds Ration (c) Unicorn o pounds Ration (d) Unicorn 7 pounds Oats 3 pounds Ration (e) Sucreno n pounds Ration (f) Radger dairy feed 11 pounds Ration (g) Larrowe Rig Six 7 pounds Oil meal 2 pounds Ration (hi Dried beet pulp (soaked) 0 pound Chiton meal 1 pound Oil meal 2 pounds i PORKERS MUST, HAVE PROTEIN Skim Milk or Buttermilk Best Supple ment to Home Grown Grains. By PROF. G. H. BROWN, Department of Animal Husbandry Michigan Agriculture College. Fast Lansing, Mich. While most complaints In the public print within the past year or two have had to do almost exclusively with the high eost of food, the thing that hns been both ering the livestock man has been the high cost of feed feed for hogs, cat tle and sheep. And if nntket quota tions mean anything the slfeatlon won't he much pleasantcr this coning winter. Rut while nil feeds nre abnormally high If mu'-t not he thought mt co"i merclni cmr-rnt nito Monld not ho pUr'h'icP a n maMcr "f fnrf. the grcnle' the vulne of homo-grovn gr'ilnQ cub n corn, barley nnd rve. the mor urgent dm necessity for eurlng n protein 'ouTntrito to prop erlv bttjine the mMori. A bushel of corn, fed iilne. wl'i produce only 'pom nine t ten pounds of pork, but If It Is properlv hihi"ccd wlh other feeds one bulm win pndnc t least 12 pounds of po-l. For s'vlne feed'ng Ibe best supple mnt to htme-grown grains Is ;klm milk or buMermllk. when they nre ol 'al'udde W'tmn three pounds or less of ml IV are fed for each pound of grn'n ."..V) pounds of milk nre equal In feeding rnlue to 100 pounds of grnln. Whrre skint milk Is nvnPnMo for pig and calf feeding It Is not tuvessary to purchase a protein fed. Of Mm riunnterclnl protein feeds CO Ier cent digested tanknge Is one of the best feeds obtnlrmble for swine f'-oding contnlnlng a larce nmount of protein (muscle-building mnterl-tl) nnd do of nsh. for bone hoMd'of. SU?y per cent digested tnnknge containing .r4 pounds of digestible protein nd 12.7 pounds of digestible fnf lv elinp nf $1 per hundredweight. Figured on the basis of protein nlone, each pouud of protein costs 7.4 cents, which n lower cost per pound tlrip In 007 other commercial feed. Unfortenfitf ly tankage Is suitable for swine f"d Ing only, nnd then only In Uilfed amounts In eomblnnllon wlh Mie grains rich In carbohydrates ns rorn wheat or barley. In combination wMb the nbove grains not moie than '.ne tenth pott of the ration by weight should consist of tankage. Emergency Ajents Term Expire. The terms of the e-ieig'n',y c-unt-y ngents employed by M'e fovl pr'-p'red-ness committee win rd on Nop uIm 1. The new or lor of Milrrs 4 111 strnlghlen ont wlt bnii beep h some what complex situation There e-o heretofore been ! r'ttsrseo of ceef In the field. In 'iome eountlc ihere were the regit! nr nirenf emp'ovd In combination bv the college. Hm vnniy nnd the Unlleil Spfes departmeu. of ngrlciilture, nnd In others the rer gency ngents. nil of whom wnw nni nrlel by thP fod prepnreflneMS com mlttee. "After November 1 oil ngents retained will be under order of ih college , nnd the federal government, an nrrnniremetd made possible by the appropriation made to Michigan In tin food emergency measure. M. A. C. Opens October 10. Contrary to'carllcr plnns. Mm Mlrh Ignn Agriculture college will open oi j October 10. .The fall term was to hnv. commenced on September 24. but th opening was postponed to allow your men ns fnr ns possible to help will the final hnrwst. for drafts uud en' llstments In many sections of th stnte hnve mnde the labor sltuntlo? I ncutc. LOW-HEADED TREES Plant trees but one year old. You can head them as low ns you desire, nnd In these duys of spraying we must have low-headed trees, nnd low heads are better In many respects. The stems are -soon shaded nnd protected from sunscald; they do not blow over so badly, and In sleet storms In winter the ground catches the limbs before they can break. They are so enslly harvested that many large orchardlsts are now planting only this kind. The Illustration shows how small a tree can be planted nnd how lowly pruned. The first pruning of the apple should te done when the tree Is one year old. Cut back to within two or two and one-half feet of the ground. The young tree will then throw out small shoots from the ground up. When these nre two or three Inehes long, all should be rubbed oft except from five to six of those noor the top, which are left to form the head of the tree. The sec ond pruning consists In cutting these back to about twelve Inches. Two year PRACTICAL PLAN FOR INFORMATION PICKED UP IN THE ORCHARD Paying Proposition for Every Farm Any of Common Fruits Grow Successfully. If the tops of your trees are nipped by excessive cold this winter do not chop down the trees at first sight. Wait until the leaves start, prune off ail dead wood nnd cultivate the ground thoroughly. This will put new life la your trees. Some people seem to think that in order to spray their orchards they must have a big two-horse outfit and pay out a lot of money to stnrt. Noth ing of the kind! An orchard of 100 trees can quickly be sprayed by a bar rel sprayer set on a sled, drawn by a single horse. Scraping out the dead wood and fill ing the cavity with cement will be the means of saving valuable trees that would otherwise be destroyed by roL We cannot pnlnt peaches a nice lus trous color without a liberal use of potash. Plow the peach orchard In the spring nnd keep down the weeds nnd grasses until September, then sow rye or crim son clover to plow under next spring. Elevated sites are desirable for peach orchards; some of the oldest peach trees are on the tops of hills. The application of too much fresh manure stimulates an unhealthy growth of wood and leads to winter killing of many of the peach buds. A few mulberry trees set out around the fruit orchard will divert the atten tion of birds nnd afford a windbreak for the fruit trees. Poultry nnd plum growing make a nice combination for the small grower who wishes to make Use of his poul try yards. The human eye is the great fruit buyer and we must put our fruit up in neat attractive pneknges if we enre to obtain the best prices on the market. A small orchard is a paying proposi tion for every farm. Fruit raised at home Is better than that purchased from some other man's farm or from a fruit stand. Any of the common fruits grow suc cessfully on almost every farm. Ap ples, pears, penches, plums, cherries nnd grapes should be the principal fruits. The orchard should be on an ele vated location. It Is not wise to set trees in a "flat.'.' In low places late frost often kills fruit. Soils should be carefully selected for the orchard. Select soils best suited to the fruits planted. Prepare the soil thoroughly before planting.' The best method Is to break as deeply ns possible and follow with the harrow in order to pulverize. It is always best to purchase trees direct from a relfable nursery that Is Inspected regulnrly by stnte officials. It Is not deslrnble to deal with ngents. Trees nre prepngnted princlpnlly by budding and grafting. Seedling trees are undesirable, as they seldom pro duce good fruit. When planting trees, remove all In 'ured limbs and roots. Holes in which rees are placed should be large enough o allow the roots to take natural posl lons. Trees should he cultivated regularly. They resiond to good treatment as ell as any of the cultivated crops. Trees will not do well In poor soil vlthout a liberal supply of fertilizer. HANDY FOR ORCHARD old trees purchased from the nursery are usually headed back the first year and come with these first side shoots. In such cases, they Khould be shortened as above 6tatod. The third year the new shoots which are left to form the main head of the tree should be short tened back to about 10 Inches. At this time it Is also necessary to remove some of the side shoots in order to keep the growth from becoming too thick. Pruning the fourth season is similar to the third. The shape of the trees depends largely on the pruning which Is given the first four years, so the work should be carefully done. Af ter the fourth year there is not mueh need to shorten back the main branches unless one has grown much longer than the rest. In such cases, In order to preserve the shape of the tree, they should be made us nearly even as possible. All the pruning after this consists mainly In keeping the tree thinned out nnd ulso dead and Inter fering branches removed. . LAYING OUT ORCHARD. An application of fertilizer often means the difference between a good crop and no fruit. For the first two or three years after setting the trees, two or three rows of any of the low-growing crops can be grown between the rows of trees. Grain should always be avoided. Leguminous cover crops, sown regu larly, will take the place of n large nmount of the fertilizer necessary for the orchard. Sow them in September and turn In early spring. Pruning carefully every year will prolong the life and Increase the value of nny fruit tree. The diseases of the trees and fruits are very numerous. The only method of controlling them is by spraying regulnrly every yenr. The best varieties should always be selected for the orchard. Select them In such a manner as to provide fruit the entire yenr. PREPARING SEEDBED FOR ALFALFA PLANT Plant Cultivated Crop Year or Two Earlier and Keep Soil v Well Conditioned. (By M. A. TtEESOM, Department of Ag ronomy, Oklahoma A. and M. College, Stillwater.) In preparing the seedbed for alfalfa you should begin a yenr or two before you wish to seed by planting n cultM cated crop, keeping the ground well cultivated and free from weeds. Corn Is a good crop to precede alfalfa. The crlticnl period of alfalfa is tho first six weeks of the life of the plant. The gronnd should be plowed early and deep. It should be free 'from weeds nnd ns free as possible from weed seed. It should be well tilled, but firm up to the surface when seeded. Fall seeding In September without a nurse crop is considered the surest method to fol low. However, if there Is not a favor nble season and sufficient moisture in the fall, you mny sow nt corn or cot-ton-plnntlng time in the spring. From 12 to 15 pounds of seed per acre Is am ple If the seed Is clenn and strong. When It is sown with a grain drill attachment on well-prepared seedbed, nnd when sown carefully and not too deep, from ten to twelve pounds of; seed is quite sufficient. The seed Is smnll nnd does not need to be sown too deep Just so you cet It into the moist dirt. WEED SEEDS ARE SELF-SOWN Some of the Most Numerous Are R&n weed, Snapdragon, Dock, Barnyard Grass and Tumbleweed. Thousnnds upon thousands, millions and millions of weed seeds are self sown each summer, when these weed pests are left undestroyed. Some of the most numerous of these seeds are the ragweed, snapdragon, dock, bnrnynrd grass, lamb's quarter, plan tain, thistles nnd tumbleweed. Their growth next year means mor labor in the cultivation of crops, not only for ourselves, but for our neighbors as well. A little extra hard work tn keeping such plant? from seeding this yenr will save us and our neighbors much laboi next season. We know this to bf true, of course, but sometimes wt put off cutting weed pefcts too lng Strange how fast the pesky thinir do grow and go to seed ' The collection of suits presented for fall Is really superb. Good taste domi nates them in styles nnd color and in materials and trimming. They are wonderfully tailored. Most of the new wool goods have a soft, velvety finish, nnd certain fashionable colors appear nt their best In surfaces of this kind, like tan, beige, castor, gray and wine. The quiet of the colors fnshlonnble for fall makes room for nil sorts of clever eccentricities of cut, nnd the smartest tailors have taken advantage of this opportunity to show how In genious tliey can be. They think out . I THE SORT OF the best lines for the slender figure and the best lines for the stout figure and proceed to work revolutions in the appearance of their patrons. The plump lady looks trim and the thin lady looks graceful, having lost her angles In n new nnd Innocent-looking tailored suit which hns been craftily designed to conceal them. They go on their way rejoicing after they have selected the styles made for them. A study of the suit pictured nbove will reveal what the art of the tailor can do hy way of achieving the un usual and Interesting while preserving the simple, graceful lines demanded by the mode, -ne coat Is cut with hanging panels, each finished at the bottom with a band of fur. Plaits, set In at the back, dispose of the waist line In the best possible way and con cede the right of fashion to demand that backs be made Interesting. There is a collnr of fur, and deep plain cuffs of the cloth attract attention to their shapeliness with big bone buttons set In a row. The skirt is plain, leaving intricacies MP HT Y ' If j II k if -:; IP" 1 - ' o xAjr a r-v;w.. rr :".' LIKE A GORGEOUS BUTTERFLY. of cut and making to the coat. After all. It contrives to escape being fifssy and to preserve the clenn lines that belong to the tnllor-mnde. This Is one of those brilliant eve ning gowns that transform their wear ers Into the semblance of a wonderful butterfly. It Is mn4 of net, with a petticoat underneath of net and still another of thin and lustrous satin. The Tress Is almost tncrusted with straight tands of mother-of-pearl sequins and little rhlnestones that reflect the light with the radiance of pearls and dia monds. It Is to be worn with a scarf of malines over the arms and khoul ders. Nearly nlwnys, with such splendid materials, the designer confines herself to the simplest methods of using it. The bodice In this instance appears to be a straight piece of the material wrapped easily nbout the figure. The skirt Is very full, but the weight of the passementerie holds it close to the figure. It Is draped nt the sides as demonstrated Mn the picture. For a dancing frock It may be caught by the fingers and lifted like a pair of wings. SUITS WE WANT. The bodice Is supported by strands of rhiiuone over the shoulders and Joined to the skirt by an easy girdle of the material that conforms to the lines of the waist. Flat tassels of crystal beads finish Fie Joints of drapery nt the sides nnd nt the bottom of the skirt. White satin slippers nnd white silk stockings, and a band of brilliants about the hnlr, are to be worn with this frock, and they should be without ornament. The scarf of tulle nbout the shoulders not shown In the picture veils the bril liance of sequins and rhlnestones and adds beauty to the gown and to Its wearer. Drawnwork for Undergarments. Flnt decoration continues to be the favorite trimming for the new French under apparel. In a shipment Just ar rived from Paris, both voile triple and linen have been treated In this way. There are mnny different stitches In this work, which Is renlly drawnwork. The one most commonly seen Is the "filet" stitch, a kind of delicate punch work that forms a lacy web and Is an excellent background for the design, either In embroidery or more common ly of the solid material outlined In a fine white thread. The designs are usually convention al flower patterns, rather large, or else merely geometrical MllMTIONAL SiwsaiooL Lesson (By REV. P. JJ. FUlfcWAT<, D. D., leacher of English iiible to the MooUy Bible Institute of Chicago.) (Copyright. 1917. Western Kcwipaper Union.) LESSON FOR OCTOBER 7 PSALMS OF DELIVERANCE. LESSON TEXT-rsalms 85 and 12. GOLDEN TEXT They that bow la tears thall reap In joy. realms 126:5. These Psalms brenthe the spirit of the true patriot. The Psalmist sees his afilicted country suffering for the sins of the people, prays for their restoration to the Divine favor, and with the encle eye of faith anticipates the Joyful day of spiritual und tem poral blessings because of restoration to the 'Divine favor. Doubtless such patriotism would be plcasiug to the Lord on the part of us all. Psalm So. I. Praiees for Mercies Received (vv. 1-3). Praise is given for (1) Deliverance from Captivity (v. 1). lie had in mind the specific mercies of a given time; perhaps it wns one of the oppressions of the Philistines from which they had been delivered. (2 Forgiveness of Sin (vv. 2. 3). "Thou hast forgiven the iniquity covered all their sin." God's restora tion was the proof that he had par doned. Great indeed was the sin of Jacob, but God's forgiveness wus great er. He is peculiarly a God of mercy. Having forgiven the sins his anger is taken nway. He stayed his hand from the Judgment which would have Justly fallen, to show his mercy. II. Prayer for Restoration From Backsliding (vv. 4-7). He knew how worthless the outward blessings of the Lord would be unless the people inwardly turned to the Lprd. He, therefore, besought the Lord to give them the greater blessing, that of a change of heart. Without the change of heart forgiveness would be futile. A change of heart can only bo by God's help. (1) That God would turn the hearts of his people toward himself (v. 4). Knowing the people's utter helpless ness to turn to God, he cried out to God to save them by turning them to himself. Ho knew that God's anger could not turn from the people as long as they were impenitent. (2) That God would take away the very remembrance of their sins (vv. 5-7). (a) The ending of his anger (v. 5). The desire seems to be that he would wipe out the very marks of his dis pleasure by not longer allowing pun ishment to be meted out to them. (b) The return to the people's Joy (v. C). Their Joy could only be realized through a revival from God. The Psalmist now becomes more bold In his requests. (c Shall show them mercy (v. 7). 'Make It visible," tsiis cry. God's Judgment was most real. His desire la that his mercy would be Just as real. III. Exultant Anticipation (vv. 8-13). Having spoken the sentiment of the repentant people, the poet expresses confidence of the Lord's response. So faithful Is God that those who sin cerely pray to him can go forwurd with the assurance of petitions granted. (1) "He will speak peace" (v. 8). He knew that a gentle answer would come, but its continuance would de pend upon the fidelity of the people. Turning to folly would provoke again his wrath. (2) Will bring his salvation near (v. 0). Only as his salvation was near could glory be In the land. (3) Devise a way by which "Mercy nnd truth," "Righteousness and peace, may be united (vv. 10, 11). He did not suggest a way. lie may not have known it Faith now sees the way in Christ. In him such a anion has been blessedly effected. (4) The land shall become fruitful (v. 11). When sin is removed, temporal pros perity shall follow. Earth's barren ness is due to sin. When the curse la removed frultfulness shall follow, (5) Righteousness shall be the guide of his people (v. 12). In that golden, glad age God's right eous ways will leave a track in which his own may walk with security. Psalm 120.' I. The Fact of Zlon'a Deliverance (vv. 1, 2). (1) Py whom (v. 1). The Lord. (2) Effect cf (vv. 1,2). (a) . The people were scarcely able to believe It. So sudden and unexpect ed was their deliverance that It seemed to them as a dream. They ex pressed their feeling In Joyful laughter. (b) The heathen noted their deliver ance as marvelous, and ascribed It t God (v. 2). Song and Prayer. II. The Song of the People (v. 3). They ascribed their deliverance to the Lord and expressed their gratitudo In singing God's praise. III. The Prayer (v. 4). The people cried to God to visit their restoration with frultfulness, evea the streams from the South spread out and make a country fruitful. IV. The Premise (vv. 5, C). Though the people were still obliged to suffer the consequences of their sins, they were encouraged to gt on In nowing though In tears, aa the reap ing would bring Joy.