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TITE UM All A SUNDAY BEE: JUNE 4 1911. meditate upon what has been snld here; consider the hatred, th hot paselon ex isting when Wira waa tried and hung and then aay, my northern comrade, my north ern brother, If you think ther 1 any stain on th honor of th south. The Trial of Major Henry Wirz "A stobv m mMi a otte BT "WTIAAA M IT. JEWKI.t,. Honorary CimmiinW Florida Division Of Unltsd Confcdorate VMertni. SAVANNAH. Go., May SiTo th tMltor of Thn Bon: In your papsr Of Sunday, Apr!! 30, 1911, yuu pub lished an article on the above sub ject purporting to come from John Howard Btlbrn. whom photograph arrears with under It the name "Uenrral Htlbbs." and he claims to be the "sol survtvnr of the military commission which tried Hnnry Wirt." I find that there waa a member of the military court named "J. H. Htlbbs" who la (riven the rank of "lieutenant colonel of the Twelfth Iowa Volunteer." Although you are the e11tor of a northern paper and northern In aentlment and prejudices and probably view this matter of Henry Wirt" trial and death about as General Htlbbs does, yet I Itn hopeful that you will open your columns to me and allow me to show the south's side of this matter, especially In this seml-contennlal of the rood will and good feeling between the sections. I am reluctant to revive old and unpleas ant war Issues; but Id this case It Is not I but General Htlbbs who once more (and no doubt with KOod Intentions) brings this dark story before the public eye. And I hope that what I may now say will rather tend to assuaga than to excite feelings of bitterness. The article referred to has just oome into my ponssslon or I should have en deavored to answer It sooner and while It was fresher In the minds of your read or a Tills story of the trial and conviction and execution of Major Win (he waa a major by rank) as viewed from tbe north ern standpoint casts a dark and shameful shadow upon the south and If It be not true the story as told by the north then It does the south very great Injustice. Pome two or three years ago the writer published In the Times-Union of Jack sonville, Fla., an article upon this subject; but he does not repeat what he then said, but ( will endeavor to present certain facts In this regard which, If believed, place a very different face upon this story. Men, like women. "If convinced against their will are of the same opinion still;" and I Can hardly hope to change the view of General Stlhhs and men like him. Naturally General Stibbs must stand by his own ac tion; he could not admit himself in the wrong. But there are some people In the north who read your great paper who are amenable to reason and will listen to statements from the other aids In this matter. I need not say, that believing, as we of the south do, that the trial, oonvlotlon and execution of Wlrs was "a Judicial mur der," and that the story of the affair as told by the north Is substantially untrue and the Infamous charge or reflections upon the Confederate government basely false, we do most certainly feel it our solemn, duty to follow, the course recom mended to the Irishman at Donnybrook Fair, and try to hit the head of this He whenever we see It. Now I use this strong language In no bitter cense, nor meaning to reflect upon General Stibbs or upon any one holding the northern view. Doubtless they believe honestly their side as I do mine; but as they seldom and probably never have heard our side of this case I hops they will at least listen while I try to tell It, with your permission, for though I could print this article In our southern .papers yet It would not reach the people I (want it to reach; the people residing in the north and especially those who read General fitlhhs rH nl. in ihB linn., Why Amderaonvlll Fired the north era Heart. X do not Intend to go into a detailed argument to show that Major Wlrs waa innocent; It would take more space than I could obtain in your paper, and would probably be throwing time and labor away. But I shall try to presint some facts I believe them to be factb which tend to show a very different ploture from that dark and bloody one which makes out President Davis and the south to be a ast of devils In human form and Wira to bs a poor, pitiful tool. General Btlbbs refers to the fact that Wlrs waa tried upon two charges and convicted upon both; first, that he con apired to effeot the death of the prisoners under hla charge; and, second, that he ac tually murdered several of them with his own hand. But what fired the northern heart was the knowledge that thousands of federal prisoners died at Andersonvlll unneces sarily by reason of the lack of necessary medicines, food, clothing, accommodations, etc. Pictures of these poor wrecks of men were scattered all over the north just at or before the close of the war; and the most terrible accounts were told and published of the horrible oondltlon of things there, Deaths ran up into such numbers that it shocked human hearts the world over. It was these things and other similar things spread far and wide that made the heart of the north burn with the fires of indignation against ths south. President Davis and Major Wlrs. But I say that southern hearts grieved over thl terrible story of suffering and death; from the bottom of my heart and I know others felt and feel now aa I did then I have sorrowed and will ever Bor row at the thought of Andersonvllle. But I say and I say It earnestly, sin cerely, honestly, wltlt a firm conviction that I apeak the truth I say that the south, nor President Davis nor even Major Wlrs was responsible for the awful horrors of Andersonvllle. We do not deny the fact of the sufferings and the excesMve deaths, but we deny that It was in our power to prevent It. W all know the oause of the suffering and deaths; It waa the lack of food, the lack of medicines, the lack of clothing and other necessities of life. It was especially the want of reasonable accommodations. Was (he Confederate Government Responsible! But the confederate government did not nave these necessary things; Its own sol diers were starving; they were dying for want of medicines and other neceasaajes or comforts. Was not this great lack the chief reaaon why the southern confederacy fell when and as It didT Would It have gone down t Appomattox, notwithstanding the Im mense disparity of numbers, oould Lee have held together after Petersburg even the small force he had when he withdrew fiom that place; and had reasonable sup plies of food and war material T But. listen further; the suffering and deaths at Andersonvllle would never have attained Us awful proportions but for ths fact of the refusal of the federal govern ment to exchange prisoners during the last year of the war. The terribly crowded oondltlon of Ander sons tile did. in effect, make Wlrs helpless to car for the . prisoners. The prison waa enlarged and further accommodations made, but the prisoners cams in on him faatar than he could provide even room fur thusnt to lie down, say nothing of pro viding food and medicine and clothing, bedding, eta. Everybody, generally (peaking, know today tbal these statements are true; both as to the lack by the south of the necee aariva required for the prisoners and the overcrowding of our prisons by reason of CONFEDERATE VETERAN DEFENDS AN OLD COMRADE. f f . . V.: V. ' ,.V .? J w 111 ) Sji i ! iiiiim mmm tmtmm Ml WILLIAM H. JEWELL the refusal of the north to exchange. So far, then, as this suffering was the result of lack of necessaries, the south did not have them for Its own men and there fore could not provide Its prisoners with these things. If the south and the con federate .government did not have thee thing neither could Wlra have them nor provide the prisoners under his charge with them. And with these necessities provided even then the terribly overcrowded condition of the prison would and did result In much 'suffering and many deaths; and this was due to the federals' refuvol to exchange' Let us look at this point a moment. In August, 1814, General Grant wrote General B. F. Butler speaking of the re fusal to exchange prisoners: "It Is hard on our men In southern prisons, but It is humanity to those left In the ranks. If we commence a system of exchange we will have to fight on Until the whole south Is exterminated. (Quite a compliment to the fighting Qualities of the south.) "At tbla particular time to release all rebel prisoners north would ensure Sher man' defeat' and would compromise our safety here." Thus Grant Justified his action In refus ing to exchange, knowing "It would be hard on our (his) men." And it was "hard." It was awful in the misery it caused. Commenting on this, General Butler said afterwards, speaking of the suffering and deaths that followed: "Those lives were spent as part o"f the system of attack upon the rebellion devised by the wisdom of the guueial In chief of the armies to destroy It by depletion, de pending upon our superior numbers to win the victory at last" But Butler speaks of the lives tost In northern prison by this policy of nonexchange. I do not Intend to use the "argument" of saying "you are another." That if fed eral prisoners starved and died, so also did confederates in northern prisons. I do not mention It as argument at all; I only cite it as fact. The south during the war held in all 270,000 prisoners; the north In all 220,000. Among prisoners held by the south the records show that 22,678 died; among prisoners held in the north 26,246 died; 12 per cent of confederates andbut ft per cent of federals. But let m go back to the SDeoiflo ohama upon which Wlrs was convicted. General Stibbs says: "The evidence rr. anted before the Win commission satis fied the court beyond a doubt that while this Andersonvllle prison was being made ready, if not before, a consDlracv waa entered into by certain persons high in authority in the confederate service to de stroy the lives vt our men. or at least to subject them to such hardships as would render them unfit for further military service. I might remark right here that I hv. Just quoted Grant's and Butler'g own words wherein they practically admit that they were doing a similar thing; that was why they would not exchange destroying me confederate army by a oroc- of depletion. But Win waa convicted unon thlm phirn of "conspiracy." But a man cannot con spire all by his lone self; who conspired with him? Well, the Indictment anri .rati fication says It was Preisident Davis and James A. Bed don, the secretary of war and General Howell Cobb, and General J. m. winder, and others. But no ons else was ever convicted nt this charge. If Wlrs was guilty of it then surely some on else was eulitv i.n Winder was arrested, but turned loose. i he United States government had all thebe men in their power. Why did not they try them? It seems to me this suffi ciently aDswers the charge of conspiracy. iner were two charge against Wlrs, this of conspiracy and the clnr of murder. Ther were thirteen snecifioa. tions. One of these related to the charge of conspiracy, the others to that of murir setting up different murder done upon teaerai prisoners by Wlrs. On ten of these specifications of murder Win was found guilty. (Me of these mur ders was charged as being committed by him in February, ISM; Win did not come to Andersonvlll until April 12. 1864. This is the record. Three of these murders were alleged to have been committed by him in the month of August. 1864; Wlrs was absent on sick leave all that month and did not return until about September L This, too. Is shown by public records. Now, most remarkable of ail. in not one of these specifications was the name of the poor victim of Win given. Six or eight prisoners killed and nobody knew who any of them were. Bo the record says; go to It and see. I do not and do not intend to, dissect the evidence, but I do wajit tn uv enough on this Una to at least show there is anovner side to the Wlrs story. If anyone really would like to know something more of this Andersonvllle busi ness, then let lilm get and read "Th True Story of Andersonvllle," by Lieutenant Janies Madison Page, who tn the civil war was an officer of th Sixth Michigan cav alry, promoted from the ranks for loyalty and courage. It Is published by Uie Neais Publishing company, New York. There you will find a much stronger story for the south than I am tilling, for It curat from a man who fought against us and cannot be said to be prejudiced, aa you may say I am. He waa a prisoner in Andersonvllle for months, from Its beginning, and tells of Wira kindness and quote from other pris oners to th same effect The records of the confederacy in the hands of th fed eral government show letters where Wlrs several times wrote th Richmond author ities begging, actually begging, for help for th prisoner under hi charge. See Svries J. vols. Iv, v, vlj. and biie t, vol. v. General SUbbs cites two Instances which h evidently look upon as evidence. One Is, a visit to Andersonvllle of one Dr. Jones, a confederate surgeon, by direction of Surgeon General Moore of the con federacy. Dr. Jon finds a terrible condi tion of things, of course, and honestly re ports same to headquarters. And General ftltbbs thinks this proves something for his side. Nay. it is Just the other way. It show the confederate government was willing to put the probe In at Anderson vlll and tell th truth about It and do the best they could to remedy the evil conditions. If not, why probe? Dries this look like "a conspiracy to destroy?" Again, General Stlbb tells of an, order of General Winder, when General Klll- patrick was advancing upon Andersonvllle and It waa feared he would turn the pris oners loose, or that, emboldened by his ap proach, they would mutiny and escape. Oenerat Winder ordered that upon the near approach of the enemy and the at tempt of th prisoners to escape to fire upon them wHh cannon, for It was better that they should die than escape to ravage the helpless women and children in th country about Well, would not Sherman or Orant or any other good officer hav done the some thing under the clroumstancee? Was It not better these prisoners should die rather than go loose to burn, ravage and murder helpless women and children? Perhaps It may be said that they would not have done It Well, how about Fhermnn s Hum mers" when "Marching Through Georgia?" There Is another point I wish to speak of. Lieutenant Page, in his book referred to, tells of a mass meeting held by the prison ers of Andersonvllle, and their choosing a committee to go to Washington to Implor the federal government to exchange or grant them some relief. This has been de nied, but It Is true. President Davis tells of It In his "Rise and Fall of the Southern Confederacy." On page 603 he says: "One final effort waa made to obtain an ex change. This consisted in my sending a delegation from the prisoners at Anderson vllle to plead their cause before the au thorities at Washington. It waa of no avail. President Lincoln refused to see them. They were mode to understand that the interest of the government of the United States, re quired that they return to prison and re main there. They carried back the sad tid ings that their government hold out no hopes of relief." Does this look like a conspiracy by Davis and Wira et aU to "destroy" these prison ers? Another thing. President Davis did or directed, was to offer to the United State government to buy medicine, food, clothing, etc., from the federal for the federal prisoners at Andersonvllle, and let the northern surgeons com and administer these good and car for th prisoners. Sea Davla' work, page 602. Finding the federals would do nothing to afford relief at Andersonvllle, the eonfeder ate government offered at lost to turn over the federals, without exchange all sick and disabled prisoner if they would come for them to Savannah. It took about six month to make a mov on the fed eral in thl behalf, but at last In No vember, 1SG4, they sent, said having come at last unexpectedly, the confederate gov ernment not having It sick all ready per mitted 5,000 prisoner to go without ex change. It is true, the federal did send in return, 8,800 for the 1S.000 ent them, but of these 3,500 one-fifth died on the way, so terribly ill and feeble were they, but the federals would take no more from u. Let me mention what I forgot a moment ago in speaking of the character of the evidence. On Felix de la Baume was the chief witness against Win. He knew it all. Claimed to be a relative of Lafayette. Just leven day after the trial he waa dis covered to b a deserter from the Seventh New Tork volunteers and was named Felix Oscar, a bounty Jumper and a first class rascal. lieutenant Page tells of other witnesses against Win, who afterwards laughingly admitted that they lied. I know this Is too long already, but permit me to sum up some of the points I have tried to advance in this effort to show that there Is two sides to this story, at least another side from that generally held by the north. First. I do not mean In any way to reflect upon General Stibbs in what I have said. He, no doubt, was trying to do his duty, as were the others of the commission. It will bo aald, and naturally "Why, these were good men, excellent men, who tried Win; he had a fair trial, eta." Tes, well. those were good, honest, pious men who tried Innocent men, women and children for witchcraft at Salem, and sent them to death convicted of wlthcraft What was the matter? O, Just superstition. When General Stibbs and his companions tried Wlrs men's hearts were hot with passion, bitter as death against the south, who, It was being charged had just killed President Lincoln. To read today the denunciations of the south as a whole, uttered from the "Christian" pulpits of the north, makes one actually shudder and ask If we have or bad then a Christian civilization. If Win were tried today on the same evi dence he would be triumphantly acquitted, even by General Stibbs. Second. Win would not have been guilty of "conspiracy"' aa charged, for It could not be shown that he "conspired" with any person. Third. It la Incredible that Wlrs would hv murdered some eight or ten prisoners openly or secretly and not a aoul know the name of a single one of them. Fourth. Wira asserted hi Innocence from beginning to the end. Father Boyle, his confessor, also firmly asserted the in nocence of Wira. Fifth. The chief witness against Win proved to be utterly unprincipled and a deserter and liar. Others were heard to say that they lied In giving their evidence. Sixth. Out of nearly 200 witnesses against Win not a dozen' told of acts of cruelty; soma told of kindness and care by Win for the prisoners. Witnesses for Wlrs and those found to be favorable to him were quickly turned down. The rerds of the confederate govern ment show that Win several times ap pealed to it for help for these prisoners. Lieutenant Page's book cltea many in stances of Win's kindness. Eighth. The prlsonen themselves blamed their own government for much of their sufferings and the many deaths. It re fused to help the delegation seut from. An dersonvllle prison and aent them back hopeless to die. Ninth. It Is Impossible to believe today that there was a "conspiracy." The many acts already cited disprove any such thing. Tenth. Some prlsonen may have been shot; it was done In northern prisons; It may have been done In southern prisons. There are times when even shooting I necessary wtth prisoners, even In civil life, especially In an attempt to escape or to resist arrest Eleventh. Th record show that al though the south held the larger number of prisoners that less per cent died than of those of the south In Northern prlsona Twelfth. The refusal to exchange pris oners by the federals waa a great if not th chief cause of the great suffering and mortality in southern prisons, especially at Andersonvllle. Grant said it would be so. Thirteenth. The confederate government nor Wlrs. its agent, could provide at An dersonvllle, the medicine, food, clothing. bedding, etc., so sorrly needed; nor the accommodations necessary. Tak these point and think them evsr MEETING SERVANT PROBLEM Soma Rrnnrka oa the Doematlo Ad viser aad the Ideal lloase keeper. A certain western woman believe her self to be th first dotnestlo adviser in the country. Her adoption of what may be called her profession was the result of necessity, for, being left a widow with one small daughter and casting about her for a llevllhood, she could think of nothing but housekeeping on which she oould rely as a means of earning a living. For a while she thought there waa literally no chance for her, but when she applied for the place of housekeeper at every respect able hotel in her native city and found no place for her, it seemed discouraging. Through an intelligence office ah got day' work at cooking, housework, wash ing and sewing, which was hard for one who had had her own home. However, she made the best of it, but she came to the unavoidable conclusion that the chief reason why servants stayed so short a time In one place was because so little was done to make them comfortable, and she began work on thl problem by help ing both mistress and maid. AH this time she waa studying at a school of household economics and, securing her certificate, she began her crusade In the interest of employer and employed by advertising that she would give advice and work to straighten domestic relations between them. It was a success, and now she has office hour and makes appointments to visit houses where ther Is trouble with servants, find th cause ad instruct the employer. She gives one case aa an ex ample, a woman tn New York. This is what she found; "The kitchen was in a disagreeable con dition, with unwashed dishes and utenslU of all sorts. Indeed, I don't believe there was a clean article In it. There were the usual cockroaches In evidence. As We looked things over the young lady told me that she had had twenty-eight maids dur lng her short married life. Not on of them had remained more than two weeks and th majority had left at the end of the first day. When I asked where the maid slept, she exiAaned that one serv ant a room for that apartment was on the top floor. Because of that faot she had used the room on the same floor with her apartment which was evidently Intended for a maid, for a smoking room. She said She and her husband preferred to have th entire apartment-to themselves. "When w reached that maid's room under the roof I was surprised. It was a skylight room, eight feet by eight aud one-half feet. There waa no way of heat ing it and besides th skylight the only tight waa from a single gas Jet placed so high up that I had to atand on my toea to reach it The room contained one chair, a single bed and a table which took the place of both washstand and dressing table. The mirror and muttress were both good; I had to admit that much, but I felt obliged to Inform this young and Inconsiderate housekeeper that I had never seen poorer accommodations for a servant in a respectable house; and when I further ascertained that there waa a several course lunoheon, that the dinner hour was ? and there were guests three or four times a week, I told this incom petent housekeeper she must get a second maid and divide the work." A great deal of Instruction and advice. followed by strenuous scrubbing and clean in;, in order that th kitchen might be decent for the entrance of a new maid. had an effect, and tha domestlo adviser watched the ignorant and thoughtless brld arrange a better room for the pro spective maid, with better furniture, a promise that luncheon and dinners should require less labor, and that the maid should have her afternoon a week, her partial freedom on Sunday, and a whole day once a month. It would have been quit Interesting to know whether the young housekeeper waa converted to a more sensible and Christian course. Another side to the housekeeping ex pert's dutlea lies In her being called "to prescribe for the servants of my regular clients, usually finding It a case of the blues rather than a real grievance." if, however, Uiere 1 real trouble, this adviser act as go-between for mistress and maid. and usually 1 able to arrange matter. Another aid of her work is told by tbe woman aa follows: "I have four clients who pay m to make a monthly visit to their help, go through th home, inspect every department, and when necessary make suggestions for Im provements. Though I let veryon know that I am able and willing to work to take the plaoe of the disappearing domestlo, I have many more calls to s)rt things straight, break In new maids and keep old onea con tented than to do their work. Within a few years I expect to see domestic help getting the some houn and wages as are given to factory workers and aaleswomen. When this happens you will see a change In th tide. Mok th hour and the re muneration th came, and the average girl will take housework before she will go Into th factories." Th ideal housekeeper ha no need for this adviser. There 1 one, for example, who ha had her cook for twelve yean. Tbe reason why is not far to seek. She re quires that service shall reach a certain standard, and her two servants willingly oomply, for this mistress never makes any unjust demands. The maids have their Sundays out from breakfast time, and ev ery evening through the week. Because they may hav the evenings, they rarely take them. On Sunday they do not return to find dining-room and kitchen a welter of dirty dishea, aa la too often- the case when the Sunday out is given. The family get the meals and clear away the dishes, leaving dining-room and kitchen In neat condition. Washing and Ironing days the breakfast dishea are washed and put away for the maids. Then the girls hav their own sit ting-room, bath-room and separate sleep ing rooms, not under the roof, either. The result Is that there are no ructions in the kitchen the maids stay on year after year, and mistress and maids are friends. Springfield Republican. DaBrj4 F BaileY, Sanatorium This Institution Is the only one In the central west with separate buildings situated In their own ample grounds. yet entirely distinct and rendering It possible to classify cases. The one building being fitted for and devoted to the treatment of noncontagious and nonmental diseases, no others be ing admitted. Tbe other Kest Cottage, being designed for and devoted to the exclusive treatment of select mental eases, requiring for a time watchful care and spe cial nursing. SfBfe Add Wsea? date PterosI iirssiTMitisTi "iin I mil I im it innna inswkiTii mm mm ( mrnni mi mihii mr rr ' L 1 W nTtft&XJ Hear a delightful, professional demonstration of Player Pianos in the piano department of B)Lb J ut B 'JJIJUSJ T2 BEE WAIT Are You . Parting Your Hair, Or Is Your Hair Departing? Newbro9s Merpieide Saves the Parting by Checking the Departing Watch the part It is there that approaching baldness Is often first detected. The parting looks uneven, unhealthy. Tbe white streak is gradually growing wider. You may not notice this from day to day, but watohl the parting from month to month. As further evidence of what is happening look at your brush or comb. It is clogged with dead hair and dandruff after every combing. The hair Is gradually dying and coming out and the streak is becoming dally a little wider. The dandruff germ is doing this and the work of destruction cannot be checked until thd dandruff Is eradicated and the germ destroyed. It Is ft condition requiring the prompt and intelligent use of Xewbro's Ilerpiride, if total baldness is to be escaped. Tbe invisible microtia growth never halts in the hair killing process. In a short time a bare spot is seen at the crown of the head. The hair bulbs are robbed of life and finally there is no help but a wig. Don't wait. Ilerpiclde kills the germ, gives life and vigor to the hair and prevents it from departing. A Word To The Ladieo Beautiful hajr is the greatest source of feminine attractiveness and its departing is a calamity. Newbro's Herplcide gives the hair life, luster an d luxuriance and keeps it from coming out. Used regularly thlB exquisite toilet requisite makes the hair light, fluffy and easy to manage. jgV' Insist upon having genuine Herpio ide, the Original Dandruff Germ De- tv-'v,', 6troyer and enjoy satisfaction. 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