Omaha daily bee., February 23, 1913, AUTOMOBILES, Page 4-C, Image 26

About Omaha daily bee. (Omaha [Neb.]) 187?-1922

Image provided by: University of Nebraska-Lincoln Libraries, Lincoln, NE

                
4-0
THE OMAHA SUNDAY BEE: FEBRUARY 23, 1913.
KUBBER FROMTREE TO TIRES
Wa Found Practical for Commer
cial Purposes in 1839.
SUPPLY IS ENORMOUS ONE
Mftat of II Cfthica from the Amnion,
Where There Are Unrornaarcd
Forrata Hint Cnn ne Mnile
Yield nrnr Product.
Latest Designs of Auto Construction Seen at the Show
Centuries aeo, Ion before the dlcovery
of America by Columbus, rubber or
caoutchouc" waa known to- the South
American Indian. Aa far buck as 1500
nncon, the Spanish explnrer. told of
these Indians of the denre forests border
ing the banks of the great Amazon who
tapped the caoutchouc tres, and ex
tracted a milky fluid. lie did not explain
Its use. Columbus noticed natives playlnr
ball with a curious substance Brown In
the primeval forests and prepared ac
cording to native ways, .
In .HO. Priestly, an Englishman, found
that this milky white fluid, when hard
ened, could be used In effacing pencil
murks, and In the early part of the nine
teenth century Hancock dlacovr-cd thnt
caoutchouc could be used In the man
fature of articles of dress, A few year,
later Charles Mackintosh, a Scotchman,
rendered two fabrlco wnterproof by
uniting them with a solution of rubber
In coal naphtha, bence came the name
"mack!ntoh" for the waterproof coat.
nUcnvery of Vulcanisation,
Not until about 1835, however, ten yearn
later than the advent of the mackintosh,
did Charles Goodyear, an American, dis
cover the method of vulcanisation and
make rubber fit to take Its place amorur
the most Important commercial product
of the world.
Then In U93 the price of crude rub'
ber owing to the demand created,
suddenly advanced Born years before
it had been foreseen that possibly the
supply of South American gum would
run out, and through the effects of
climate, and cultivated rubber trees wero
crown with success. Tho best rubber,
however, still grows wild In the forestx
on the Amnion, and according to P. A
Pelberllnr. president of the Qoodyear Tire
Rnd Rubber company, Akron, O.i rhr
made an extended trip down the Amazon
two year ago, the supply will more than
, etiual the demand for some years to
come. In 'the meantime rubber planta
tions are springing up In many tropical
countries. Home of thesa are alrsadv
largo producers of high grade gum, ntiri
the future of the supply of raw material
stems to be assured.
Tho number' of tires manufactured an
nt'oiiy tor the commercial truck Is in
creasing by leaps and bounds, ( Itutiber
men are certain tho development of tho
ifuck Industry in tho next few year
will be fully as spectacular as tliti d'i
velopmcnt of tho pleasure typo of auto-
mobllo has, been in tho last few years.
Pnrn U I'lnent ttunlltr.
nubticr-producing trees, shrubs, eta,
'arc round mostly In northern fcoutli
America, Central America, Mexico, cen
tral Africa and Borneo. The finest rub
bcr obtained Is fine Para, gathered In the
Amazon regions of South Amerloa, tie
lectins a rubber tree, the tittlv cut
"V-shaped groqves In tho barfc wU.'i a
special knlfo made for this purpose, the
cfoovon being cut In .herring-bone fhh
l0i diagonally around the tree, with Jn
main groovo cut vertically down the Cen
ter Ilka tho main vein In ft leaf. Tha
latek of tho tree, from which the rubber
14 taken, flows from theso veins r.n&
down the center vein Into a little cup tit
the bottom of tho main vein,
'When the. cups are filled thoy are Cdth.
efed and brought Into tho rubber camp,
and thc.ro tho latex to coagulated by
means of smoko. This Is done by tho
uo of a paddlo which Is alternately
dipped Into a bowl of the latex and thin
involved lii the smoke from d wood or
palm hut fire,' This smoke seems to luva
a preservative effect on the rubbr, t
well as drying It out' ohd causing It ts
harden on the paddle, each auecoiMvu
layer of tho latex causing the cits of
tile rubber ball or biscuit to tno.vade.
When a biscuit of sufficient site has
I't'rn thus coagulated It la removed 'rom
the paddle and la ready for shipment to
various countries where rubber prod lets
wo manufactured.
Crude rubber aa it 'Is received at th
factory la mora, or ls dirty. jano,
leaves and twigs sometimes constitute
at high aa 40 or 60 per cent of tn
weight.
Haw th Cracker" Parities.
Thesa foreign aubatancta ore removed
by washing the gumt orie or two tons
being soaked In warm weather and then
taken to a .machine called a "cracker,"
The crtaher conslsta of two large rolls
covered with pyramidal projections Whh)h
t evolve very close together at different
surface speeds. It la a powerful ma
chine, and aa the gum la fed between the
rolls the projections tear It to pieces.
During this process a continual flow of
water from perforated pipes plays on
the rubber, and aa It goes through these
rolls repeatedly the water gradually
washes awfty most of the foreign sub
stance.
After this the gum Is shoveled Into
boxes and taken, to what Is known aa a
"washer." This also consists Of folts,
but the projections are relatively small
and tha folia are nearer together. The
work of removing the foreign matter la
completed here, and tn addition tha gum
is "sheeted out." Sheeting la acc6m
pllshid by using warm water aa tha
washing ftnlihea. The heat is Just
enough to make the gum Sticky ao that
from fifteen to twenty-flv pounda of
rubber, a aheet about eighteen Inchea
wide, several feet long and J-14 inch thick
results. These sheets aro then dried.
Mlxlnif the Inirredlenta.
Mixing tha crude rubber with the com
pounding Ingredients la the next step.
Kach of the constltutents of a 100-pound
"batch" la carefully weighed and taken
to tho milling room. Here the rubber U
warmed and softened before tbe com
lound Is added by paaaing It between tha
warm rolls of a machine similar In de
sign to the washer, but much larger and
with highly polished walla. The front
roll revolve moro slowly than the back
one and J.he gum soon forma an envelope
around this, Tha compound la sprinkled
on tha gum, a little at a time, and la
gradually wotked In by tha constant
kneading effect of tha rolla on tha soft
ened gum. Finally, tba rolla are opened
u little and the stock cut away In slabs
about one-half Inch thick.
(nee again it Is allowed 'to rcat-thts
time forty-tight, hours when It Is ready
to be shaped for tha rolls. In tha case of
rubber heels, pieces of suitable aica are
vat from the milled etocli, but In making
to.ld tilts, where tha length la many
t.mee tho other dimensions, It Is neces
sary to make ue of another machine
V s t done by running through what la
known aa a tubing machine- This if
acmblaa a mtat chopper on a large scale,
3 II ft r S-S 4 -
mmmmmmmmmmmmmmaMmmmmH mmmmmm aeaaBBBBBBBaa mmmm mm mmmmmmmmm mm BaaaeaaeM mi mm i M
with a dlo opening In place of the small
holes. This turns out a continuous length
of rubber of proper crcss-ieotlon as long
aa tho milled stock Is fed Into the other
end. Then follows the welshing of each
tire, cementing to the base band, laying
In the mold, tailing ti.o moid una placing
the whoto In a bolter heater where the
heat for curing la supplied by steam.
Tho length of time roqulred to "uuie"
or "vulcanise" a tire of medium stze is
about three hours. Taken from the neuter
It la cooled, removed from the mold,
trimmed of the rinds nt the line of con
tact of the halves of the mold, and tho
tire la ready for shipment.
Chemistry I'lnje its l-nrt.
Tire manufacturers have had to be
chemists, Inventors, analysis and keeh ob
servers of conditions aa well, as mure
craftsmen. Thoy havo had to establish
their own precedents, lo solve- problem
of construction and service that men havo
never laced boforo. It Is a tohg step
from tho Amazon Jungle, where native
alaah trees and gather the sap, with chat
tering monkeys and brilliant parrots an
an audlenco to tho sturdy rumbling truck
mat is revolutionizing outfit) in ihu cities
of the world.
MUch study lias gone Into this fuscinnt-
Ing, phage of the development of a com
meralAl age. Motor trucks aro really lo-
cbmotlves. They run without permanent
ateel traoka (and aro therefore practical)
only bocuuso tho rubber treo grown frt
mo tropica, and It blood. conseniM
comtoundtd, finally tnaKv.i a cushion for
wneei rims thouiianda of mlioa
Without rubber tlrca trucks could not auc
ceed. .
CONVENIENCE IS AIM OF
THE NEW PACKARD CARS
Convenience In operation Is a character.
Isllo of tha three hiotor carriages put out
by tha Paokard Motor Car company, Tha
features that aro being emphasized are
tha left drive, electric self-starter and the
centralised control. Tha left drive. In
conjunction with tho poaltlve atarter.
permits occupants of the front scat to
step Into .the- car from tha crub,
Tha Packard control board places the
alerting, lighting, Ignition' and carbure
tor controls on the ateerlng column dl
rastly undor tha driver's hand. No at
taohmenta, except gauges, gauge lights
and priming button remain on tha dash.
Electric Oars Are
More Practical as
Around Town Autos
''ICtectrlo automobiles 'aro destined to
be tho logical and ' practical town car
for both men and women," saya bales
Manager Wordhutl of the Ohio Kluctiio
Car company.
'Not only la It moat easily handled :n
trafflo, but Its oxpenso of operation Is
Very low ak Compared with high-powered
cars, requiring expert attention, chauf
feur ahd pneumatic tires, to aay nothing
of the 'amount of the original Investment
and the relative depreciation. Deprecia
tion Is much less rapid In the elecllir,
because it is far mora simple mechan
ically, There la not nearly tha uumuer
Of parti to gat out of .order or rcqune
replacement.
'Electricity Is the oheapost form of
power. Electric garages are acaiteroa
throughout the city and our, power com
pany Is serving current at a very reason
able price."
PROPOSED HIGHWAY TO BE
OF IMMENSE BENEFIT
INDIANAPOLIS, Ind., Vtb. 22.-Tht
the Oeean-to-Ocean highway, now being
projected, and which lnva uroused auto
mobile and accessory manufactures and
dealers the country over to a pitch of
enthusiasm never before equaled; by any
other good roods propaganda, will result
In Immense good for all tho people, is the
opinion of Henry H, Joy, president of the
Packard Motor Car company. This com
pany is one of tho heavy contributors
to the fund which is now being raised for
the purchase of materials and the con
struction of the highway. Mr. Joy, tn
the courte of a recent Interview, ex
pressed himself fully on tho subject.
and that this is going to be the place to
get their Ideia and place ordera for ma
chines before going home.
Every man connected with the how la
enthuHoatlc Salesmen and monufactur
era experts who ore on tha ground SY
that the show give promise of being or.?
of the best ever held, fully up to thonBf
of New York and Chicago and that tli
exhibits will be of the same high claaa
ai those seen In those cities.
AN AUTOMOBILOGUE.
There Is olio thing that this year will
be different than tn the bast at the
coming automobile show this week, Othnr
years the opening night has been an oc
caston whoa the house, using the ver
nacular of the showman, has bean "pa
pered." In other words. It has been filled
by men and women holding free ticket.
The management has done this on the
theory that by giving away tickets 't
would result In advertising the show
But It has been discovered that this nas
been a mistake, Aa a result, this year
the free Hat has been cut to the mini
mum and practically the only people who
will not havo to pay will oe exhibitors.
The management of the show feels tnu
the necessity of getting out a crowd by
giving away tickets no longer exists and
that tho man who goes In on a compli
mentary as a rule Is not a good booster.
Last year opening night there were
5,000 free tickets at the Automobile show
and thero was such a Jam that many
who paid their way went out disgusted
and never returned. This year there wl'l
ba nothing of tho sort, and If there la a
crowd, as undoubtedly there will oe, tho
members of that crowd wilt be persons
who have paid the regulation admission
fee,
Thousands of lettera from the countrv
and from states other than Nebraaki
have been recelycd by Manager Powell
during tho laat week and the majority
Indicate that the writers aro coming to
the show. They ray they want to see
the latest and best things in automobiles
Vf. D. Nesblt In CollierB.
The auto stood beside the road-all
mournfully it stood,
With wheels a-llmp and sorrow In tha.
drooping of Us hood.
"O woe Is mat" It gasped and wept, and
"Woe Is me I" once more,
"injustices of many sorts have cut me
to the core.
"They take me out to havo a flde-and
suddenly, alaal , , .
They find that through an oversight I
haven't any gas.
tvhn ir .t i ho h.nmA? Da thev them
selves? That's how the case ahould
But, on the other hand, they hoot and
howl and curse at mo.
"Ahead of me I see a place where glass
is on the path
A puncture comes, and Instantly there
Is a time of wrath
Instead of censuring the one whose duty
fwas to see. A.
They curse the tire man, curse the tire,
and double-dash-blank me!
"Transmission troubles will occur, unless
ere they commence
My owner exercises caro and likewise
common sense;
But What cares he? The clut?h gives
out and all that ho can see
Is Just another chance to put the guilti
ness on mel
"My carbureter gets choked up, a cylin
der Will miss ... , i n.
My owner tears his hair and yells,
'What do you think of this?'
He yanks me with a monkey wrench
and howls aloud that he
Has never seen a bunch of Junk that
ever equaled me!
"Ho lets me skid; he will not feed me
properly with oil!.
He overlooks the water and then I be
gin to boll ....
And does he then condemn himself?"
Not much! In raucous key
He-uses all his cues words In some
brief remarks at mc.
't wish I were a horse or mule, for then
i a gei Borne care, i
ior an uie r
Sut autos have to stand
mvIIb tViv on.li bear."
Th auto went niraln and said: "Hen
rnmrs mv owner he
la stuck because of his own fault. The
blame will come to me."
CML av wv (JYaOaw WvvaA
J
mi
A Car You Can Afford to Run
Franklin Six "38" $3600
A Light, Full Size, Touring Gar
"Buy a light oar" is the advice t of automobile
owners everywhere. Tires and gasoline for a heavy car
cost too much.
Tire expense is not a burden with the Franklin
Six "SB." Light weight and resilient, it goes twice
as far on a set of tires as a heavy car. ,
You do not have to carry spare tires.. This saves
expense and weight.
You get twice the gasoline mileage of a heavy
car. A light car does not require a great big engine
Fuel consumption is small.
Four-hundred miles to a gallon of oil and no
smoke is another advantage.
The Entz Electrio starting and lighting system
used on Franklin cars is simple and direct. Like other
starters the Entz starts the engine. Unlike other
starters it prevents stalling. The engine cannot go
"dead" in tight places. This means certain control
anl simplifies driving 50.
.GUY L. SMITH Omaha
Space 17 at the Auto show
1 1 11 ' 1 " 1 " " 1 T'H " "Ml 1 ,nl 1
1 4
JL
S
3
Follow the Trail
:of the
"Jack Rabbit
99
1
9
1
3
You can find it easily when you reach tho show. It will lead you to tho exhibit of tho FAMOUS -APPER-SON
"JACK RABBIT" MOTOR OARS which commemorate the Twentieth Anniversary of the American
Automobile. TWENTY YEARS AGO America's first gasoline motor car was built down in Kokpmo, Indiana,
by tho Apperson brothers, Elmer and Edgar, who now personally supervise tho building of all Apperson cars.
SEE
THIS
CAR
Then
Read
the 41
Reasons
Apperson "Jafc lUbblt" Tour
ing Or for Fire,
The e Are 41 Reasons Why You Should Own an Apperson
T-hfcd orllaaera oaat eoarately.
Biff valuaa.
Hollow ci ink shaft poaltlve olltaff ajatam.
Viva b tartar alamlnam crank cite.
43 par eent of tba oxaak abaft lecffth la bear-
Inr aorfaca.
Blldtnff vebt wter pnnp.
Kemrcomk raOl&to.
Tba coo lot taotor la tba irorll,
Tba moit powarfnl motor la tba world for Its
Tb motor actually deraleua 38 per ot&t mora
power (nan any lormuia wu;
It Klva credit to any
ptaton dlaplaeement,
raierva power and
tvrrn of clutch and thev Jointly control nil nit.
anta, making It Impoialblo for competltora to
tun It for yeara to come.
i power or incuon u laaa in A&
Trm leaa or
nrun cara than In other becauaa thn rnn.
atructlon la auch that fewer bearlnga are ra-
JL rreta ft oent of net power la AallTarM
to me rear wneeia man in any omer oar.
other motor with a Ilk
proving- Ita remarkable
flexibility
Ap pars on Brother a and only on other maatt
factuer In tha world ueo the contracting band
"We will furnish the other twenty-eight on request. Get our 41 Boason folder- also the De Luxe catalogue.
THE "JACK RABBITS" ,,4-55M Touring Oar for five $2000
"aS" Touring Oar for five $1600 "4-55" Touring Oar for seven $2250
"4-45" Roadster for two $1600 These prices include regular equipment.
ELEOTRIO CRANKING, ELECTRIC LIGHTING if desired.
Be'gure and Bee us before you leave.
Apperson " Jack Rabbit" Auto Co.
1206 EARN AM ST., OMAHA, NEB.