The farmer and mechanic. [volume], December 15, 1914, Page 11, Image 11

About The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??

Image provided by: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Library, Chapel Hill, NC

                
THE FARM EI
HOW SOUTHERN FARMER
GET A START IN PIG RAISING
AND
MECHANIC.
MINIMIZING
11
LABOR ON THE FARM
riureau ,,f Animal
department f Ar-
MTepared in tli
Industry, U. .
i ieulture).
The Irishman rails his 1)lff .thf.
d-man that pays the lint." jn the
"rn l?rjf t,f,.the United States "mort
gage lifters' was a nickname given
hogs almost a.s soon as settlements
began. In the South no Jess true than
in the Middle West hogs can he made
;i source of meat supply for the home
tnd of income as well. Years of studv
and demonstration by State and Fed
eral agricultural authorities have
shown beyond all doubt that hogs
may be raised in the South with re
suits fully rus profitable as elsewhere.
Four things are necessary if the
southern farmer wishes to get a start
i. A place to raise and fatten th '
pigs.
L;. A pig worth raising .-mri fv,...
r ' " ' ' ' L'-". , I
ill-.
Feed on which to raise and rat-i-a
ihem.
The necessary funds.
;, t us consider these points in re-r.-e
older.
1. This article is written for the
man whose principal concern is to
suppU' food for his family. For such
i man one or two sows will be enough.
b.od grade sows can he bought for
10 or $15 each; razorback.s can he
'tight for less and will produce good
pigs if bred to a good purebred boar.
If there is no purebred boar in the
neighborhood whose services can be
obtained, enough men should club to
gether to represent the ownershin of
Divide
and
this
into T.Wo
ell 111" Ti!
Will .
- ludhi- mem
i-iMure. As thev
amount of grain
ji V not t r
. , , i.nf-rn j ,
-ueir weurht
looming !
amount of i
hheK- r.r. a !
grow, incrfa? the '
u hen thev
A System ,f Cn,, a!Ui Live-Stuck M;
Helps t( Solve Labor Pn.ble
matrenieiu Which
cent of
vnen they weigh about
e;ori it-. .1.
vT iiifin 4 per
oein
in grain.
wei-h
i per
and
1 T
A
v. hi.
! e J
N-WS ,
f A-r-
If
i.
r : . -.
hi.
pounds i
Off wln.w.V-. . " "liiMil.,-
Jiuiimiipr iLr ni ti.
nil n . " ''I
on ,OOJ ft;lv 1'in.r
aiiouia
old
hog
It
-'trii -
- in.
from
1 'ICiMT-
"- i irm ma:ui-in -nt
1 ith a !:ti!e ;:..
-nb- fan do all la w
..tr?:. is rwi.nn.i. .a.
'l li.-i.T ti.,.nt
t
a -oo day. ei proP,.rlv frJ I h , V::n-S-il h- are s. r5.,u..lv
M weigh 200 lumds n J h; ,il7'!"-'! v th- sr,-n , f u...V
io not fe,d cottoned m ?Vr "V'l is S'ilt"d l" -
la ;-mr.
i:
1
t ' i
t ttf I !
N.
!
' ; 1 f - ,
; ..m K int.
; r 1 tin
v ;r v - t :
So- ii : ..
h .t f
1
i !
.J.-
is not
Of monr 4 -l""nu a lot
course, the liermuda pasture where
7i;o lhi crPf "n which the
Pigs are grazed can be fenced Virh
home-made hurdles of lumLer or
oven wire. whin ,
oT,rml V1 Htay in ,t !
--v. pasture is good. T-n
y-cm ue Kept on half
i me crops
r : o w
t-or
the
tim-
! cou:
I this
difhi-ulr t.i ohtai,
xra !,tl.r required
T
l
Tiv
. 3
!!!
'at m rn.inv -rt;..i.o
llu'i-nt !a
, espfci.i!l
at hiirv-s'
oi' the
'i thf otiiiiii.ii ,,f f.vt
actor will cuMi,..!
' ortr-j 1 1 izti r i o r. f ,,-,r.i
. . i I i. i : t: il'
in
T.
h ere
pigs
'f one
Iarm-rs have
trrt-ss toward
t'clt Statt-s a nuiiii-rr i-l
tlr;Hiiy made s .m j ro-.-olvin.LT
Hie la !nr nro-
cooipilir.j: Iio-.'s to iii, hiiuli
w..ik hithrto performed by
!,ahds. Tht- niaiiice of 'h-ii;-off"
croi.s h loner bevii : f . -
should he sired i miliar oiir. hut it i oc!v i.-.-eiH- ?bfif
purebred Duroc-.Tersev this been exterrir-.i r. nri av u,,. ;
s.-ientnic v;n. ruder th- sv.-tem dis-eu-sed
in detai! in Karnit-r-s HuUetii:
No. il4. of the department. A Corn
elt System of R-innit,!' VO.i. . :.-.
an
II f HU'M ;. if,-.. t , . i .
four r,. ii4 ... , , " 4 ' 1 a '
their size nepen,hug ot the
. nrieu
... A poor piK is ,mt vrortli raisin' I ging
k 1 AAb . '
wi att utiiy. i our )liT
oy a good
Herkshire,
-'"t f'. but 1. tr f . tt ,i !
; 5. v. n n.e f.!l i'u jT
aor;i:-l- otoJi!:o thi- 1..-
J While i l. i -oru Mdl s,.tU .Jtn. 1 u!
j if nir it is ...t too late .kf!-r Jht
, c-rn b- e-:t a: d .-horked. !;
may be ...vn mj. ). ttfr t!n!j h-U.
ml t ills i i n
j -n a rot. -ill. it;
i d'sci'ib d.
I F:eid N. r. d -ti d r.
tbr.oiglioul tt- ei tirt I
.-prir.K n i; j.atured b the h... ..
I long a u is p.ih.iahle .r.rdi.. x
! cellent prisliirajce. t-r t ui: , for u:a.
I h.i;s ar.U hrotul svv? When iht
of it f at ui
ill.i.e.
S t;!J
J Ueo.ne.s t.u;h and th ht:s
: relish it. t h should
I
ii.-e
to
Ilwl
! To JLi sows nun tmv u rr1,r,a
- " I ' ' I, I .
paying pro rata for the boar, depend-
The number of sows owned l.v-
nig on
earn, uoars can be bought for from
51( to $25 for weaned pigs, and from
.ri to $100 for yearling and H-year-old
hogs. If 20 men owning 20 sows
bought a yearling boar for Vro, ach
man would pay $L'.."0 toward the price
of the boar.' Put the boar in the
hands of one of the members of the
bib and let each other member agree.
10 pay him one pig at weaning time
for the care of the boar for one year,
fr attending' to the .breeding, etc.
When sows come in heat, they can
bo loaded on a wagon and earned to
he farm where the boar is kepi for
-rviee.
-. Sowf J'arKow almj.sr exactly 3 0
eks after they arebrodr When the
sow barrows try to be near at hand.
lo not worry her wi'tlitttentiou, but
he there if she needs iff Watch that
i he buzzards do not carry off the-little.
I'i.u's, or injure the sow. Give lux
v,i-m thin slop as soon as she beyfris
to move around. Then leave, her
alone for a while. That evening give
her a slop with a little bran or corn
meal in it. Feed lightly for a few
das and increase her feed gradually
until the sow is getting about 4
founds of grain each day for each
'0 pounds of her weight. This will
be within a week or 10 days-after she
has farrowed. She should be fed
morning and evening. Kitchen scraps
and slons will be good for her and
uill reduce the grain needed some
what. These slops must not contain
any soap or glass.
As corn is the. most available grain
in most sections of the South, it will
have to be relied on for feeding both
the sows and pigs. With the grazing
'Tops which are suggested for hogs
a fairly well-balanced ration will be
djtaind.
When you are about ready to wean
the pigs reduce the sow's feed so
that by the time the pigs are weaned
he will have only about 2 pounds
o grain each day for each 100 pounds
f her weight. Keep her on a Ber
muda pasture and let her have this
ration until she is in good condition.
Keep sows in good flesh, but not eX-
wsively fat-
Sows can be made to jiroduce two
Utiers each year. When this is de
sired they should be bred at the first
Period of heat after the pigs are
weaned. Sows bred twice each year
Hill not pnnluce so many pigs in each
Mtter as when bred only once a year,
but more pigs should bo raised in a
-ar from each sow.
it does not pay to try to raise hogs
"h grain alone. In fact, the pront m
Pi;,' raising, especially in the South.
dep nd. directly on the amount of
pasture of some kind used to enable
the pig to make its gain in weight. Of
be southern forage crops peanuts,
oy beans, rape, and eowpeas are es
pecially valuable. Now. these are not
available all through the year, there
fore we use a series of crops. 1 or
example, have some winter oats on
which the sown can be turned as soon
us the pigs are a week o two old.
When these are gone put the pigs on
good Bermuda and lespedeza pasture.
Have a crop of toy beans or cowp-a?
oming and turn the pigs on this after
leaning, keeping the .;ows on the
Bermuda. When these are gone put
ihe pigs in a peanut patch, and linish
fattening them on rape.
The pigs should be weaned at 10 to
'1' weeks of age and should then weigh
about 30 pounds. They should have
Jrr.med to eat a little grain by going
to the sow's trough. Then begin to
feed them. (live them every day
;:rain equal to 2 per cent ot their
weighi. a pig weighing 30 Pounds
should have O.t" pound of gram: i
li::-' of this weight. C pound?, etc.
- T) . .1 .... 3 . 1
VJi L Olcl.llO -t I Til: li.i-ir
After you have decided which of the
three you want, stick to the .me
breed and in a little while von will
have pigs which are very much alike,
a model for others. anH
j ment for your community. If Vuu can
i U fFf1 it- . A ......
au"j i. ia.iL wun goou grade sows.
If not, natives trazorbacks) will do.
White jugs should not be used in the
South, as they sunburn badly.
4. Expensive houses are not neces-
ary lor nogs m the South, (iive tht
it lYriiii: t 1 1 it tilt
Weeks after the i J
j houid th.-li bt- al'u-Ued
tb id Uittl' t,'
.a-s ripi.ed. Th-
Id gather ! bv
..v .-v.-n-oi ,(i i-arming tin ti rsaves
Harvest Labor by Ht raging !' wn '
rops. bogs perfirm o
the Jiarvestinsr. n--d the
arranged that or.r
plowing, planting.
Jarpe part
crops are
t i
... i
tati.:i :
1. ''onion'.
sow a dry place to farrow, a pen well
bedded and sheltered from eold wind.-,
and storms, and both she arid the pi;-s
will do well. Little pigf. that t
chilled or wet soon after birth often
die or grow into 'runts." If there
i no suitable place around the farm rotation of
for the sow, make a lean-to with
poles, about 1J by 12 feet, feet high
in front and 1 feet high behind, facing
it to the south, find thatch ii with
straw, cheap hay, or eve m ' cornstalks,
and the litter will be well housed.
Make the thatch roof higher in tho
middle than at the sides and smoth
it down so that rain will run off.
Pigs should have shade in the pas
ture, either trees or arthiru'l shelter,
and plenty of water.
Sanitary Suggestions.
No one should attempt to lai.-..
hogs unless he is willing to give them
good feed, good care, and protect
them in every way possible from dis
ease. Worms, hog cholera, lice, and
canker sore mouth kill large numbers
of hogs throughout the South, especi
ally little pigs.
To prevent worms, keep the follow
ing charcoal mixture before the pigs
all the time:
Charcoal, 1 bushel.
Hardwood ashes, 3 bushel.
Salt, K pounds.
Air-slaked lime, s pounds.
Sulphur, 4 pounds.
Pulverized copperas, 2 pounds.
First mix the lime, salt, and sul
phur throuoghly, and then mix in the
charcoal and ashes. Dissolve the eop
pelas in 2 quarts of hot water and
sprinkle it over the whole mass, mix
ing thoroughly. Store this in a barrel
under shelter, and keep some of it in
an open shallow box where the hogs
e.an iret it as they wish.
in. in oo it o i i i
and cultivating ne- j
c.esary. With such a method the i
hogs, of Course, furnish The nrin.-iol i
. . . - -- --
casn income oi the farm
advantage is thnt a larger
be covered effecthely without
pellins fanner to depend on
side lab.-r. wb.'ch is always difficult
fo obtain and frequently unr liable.
Heduced to its simplest terms, the
v.-i-i i idiiMM.- oi a mur or live var
corn. rve.
a r-d
a
i moth v on
mixture
or two
of clover and
years.
F-r the purpose ,,f ilhi-tration. he
following diagram of a farm lail out
ji a tive-y.-ar rotation, which is the
belief where hay bring a fair rrh-e,
will be found useful:
nan it a lam run oi
Vil":
a
year to 1
a) r
Seeond year
rye
o .
ami
4.
o er
liid tinieihy
ami lo -r
Oe i-iit
bog'gt-'".!
brig p:
Tor
i nu
ofl'
t-
:iy or
m-a.p-
llogs will not have cholera unless
it is brought to the farm in some way
from hogs which are sick. Therefore
tiy to keep buzzards and other birds
away front our hogs. Do not 'sit
a farm where hogs are sick or allow
the owner of sick hogs to vii-it your:;.
Do not keep your hogs near a stream
that runs through a farm where there
are sick hogs before it gets to yours.
Hog cholera may be prevented by
proper inoculation. See your county
demonstration agent about this.
Watch the hogs, especially the httle
pigs, to see whether they are lousy.
If "so get some disinfectant and wash
the pigs with it, or rub on . mixture
lard and turpemtne or
two .parts ot J.iro t,
OT Kerosene. ue a
i on
so wn.
Ile and young
pastured.
Clove r
n red.
f. Tino'Ttiy
past u re.
It is desirable that the live fU-hb
cludd in this scheme should be
prximately the same sie. Assuming
that they are each 20 acres. une man
should have comparatively little dif
ficulty throughout the greater part of
the year in doing all the work that
they require and in addition caring for
the live stock. In tield No. 1 ihe
first-year corn is grown and hogged
aft as soon as it is ripe. This is gen
erally from September 1 to September
10. When the corn is cultivated for
the last tinie, it is usually desirable to
costs about -3 1-2 cents per pound
to make in the South under the sys
tem described above, which is an
original cost of $70. Killing will cost
not over The loss in dressing
is about Km per cent of the live weight,
er r'00 pounds on 10 pigs, so that 1,
400 pounds of dressed pork is on hand
after slaughtering. If yeu can get a
local ice plant to chill and cure the
meat for you. they manager should
charge not over 4 cents per pound,
which is S'.G. Then the meat loses
weight in curing, amounting to about
of
kerosene.
,.f tnrneiTine
..rniin.1 ;l DoSt where the
bogs can rub it. and eep
.... with erode oil. If f
have a wallowing hole, pour
..il or kerosene on th
m.. rrawni- euiiker sore mouth, keep
the pens clean and well bedded with
fresh, clean straw. tlet a. ptar ot
t fnrron. from Hie drug store
or $14
cost of the meat is about
1 cent per pouiid
Liaising 2,000 pounds,
cents per pound . .
Killing
Curing l,4i0 pounds,
per pound
Shrinkage on 1.40't r-
entire crop ami ti grue upoa Hit
young clover that ha come up tih it
J'iebl No. X is dev.ted entirely to
log pasture. V)o-n t lover and tim
othy are planitd logcljnr. the hos
I uiiizr prindlk.U on tte clover joJ
have most ..f the timothy t be cut
fo,- ba. In Ho- live-year rotation,
however, htbt No. . is depended upon
Its great ' f'"r,iih t lie principal suqd of hay
aereage can ! f"r tnr' horses and cows. Thrr.- shoDld
com- ' some surplus, arid thi.-v of irs.-.
..iit i ran sold. lit in th- fall Die iidd
s ptowert (,r rirt -y.-r corn and it
the following spring it takes ots pl;o-
in the rotation as fold No. J.
The great merit of thL .-ytem of
clop management is th.tt tru-ie is .
ia:sh seasoi- and the available lat er is
so distrthuted throughout the entire
ear that the maximum aeieage
secured, ily ilov,iug one field for corn
in the fall one man and three horse
are able to handU ad Ihe spring Worl
to 1 (Jo eoril in. cultivate it. and
produce i' ciot without assist anc-.
The next operation is putting up the
hay. and h re it i inettahle that om
side labor be ta!l-d ir . Compared
with other systems td farm manage
ment, however, ihe amount of ..'..i
side help required i.- very sm;ll. Sn.t
th hoes har est the rye. there Is
practically no deld work to dm,"
after Tin hay is in until arl in Sep
tember, when one field of corn must
he cut and one field of rye .owu.
This period of about live weeks i".
length i.-- thrashing time for the
farmer's neighbors, and he and bis
horses should bnd it possible (o do
work for them whi b eaii b- returned
when extra help is needed i,. shr-o
his corn foe bedding. In this -way
has been estimated that on a farm of
100 acres the farmer will only bav
to pay ca.-h for about 10 days' hired
labor during lie- hay harvest.
It is possible that an even larger
farm hU'ht be wanked in this way. but
when the fields exceed about acres
in extent it is ml probable thai Co
system will be found advantageous.
On such a farm, as has already been
said, hogs furnish the principal in
coiiit. They are turned in one th
rye as early as possible in the spring,
and there the fall shouts and spring"
pigs are from six to eight weeks old
they are weaned and the brood how
taken to oth r in-tos.' r-s where the?
can b- bred for fall litter.
liy the first part of May it 1- prob
able that the rye n longer affords
good palurace. and the hogs are then
turned into held No. 4. dvou-d i
first-year clover and timothy. Ther
they remain, with the .uldition of n
reasonably liberal corn ration, until
the middle of .July, or two weeks aft r
the rye has ripened, when tb-y ar
turned back into the rye field and a.1-
The total
as follows:
at
1 -2
uts
1-.
-nt
per poll.!:.
it well
th"' bogs
a little
the woter.
to ?1), and
n.me forceps iioio
,iv,. M-iii cost 7 5 cents
the day after the little pigs are born
clip off the tusks on the sides of
their mouths even with the gomis
Do not iniure the gums when doing
this, and do not pull the tusks ou
Remember that an ounce oi pre
vention is worth a pound or cure.
Watch to keep disuse and vermin
awav from your hogs. It th
in spite of all you can do. get
hi touch with the county denionstra
ion a-ent without delay. Tr there is
on aen In your county, write to your
S r ....rrieultural .allege for heM,.
i"iai "(-
pounds
has
10
i
CO
1 ;
. 41 4.
cui e
y.;
s per
Total
You "nave 1.40m
meat on hatid which
onlv a fraction over
pouml. ihe surplus of which you can
easily sell for 20 cents per pound,
Cnder the circumsumc-rs. can you af
ford id pay 20 ents pr po.ind or
more for side meat and hamV I tea
it not py you to raise y-.ur owt; j
oork?
i In these suggestions an outline f". ,
! pig laising is submitted wh.n ti will j
require the tanner to speno as miles
money a.s possible. The train and j
the Du.-lure are raised on the farm, i
lowrd to bog it all down withou
' other feed. Koughly speaking, it may
be said that if the rve yields 17 bur -i
eis to the acre, six l(e)-p,,tind he-- ni
j harve.-t an acre iti six v.f--ks. Tim.-.
by tiu time the rve is harvested :b
i era is ready, ainl the "t.-ck chi b
turned into field No. 1. Iferf Mu v
Can be ert until all the -orn if bot'
ged off. which will be a cp r x u o a i y
Novend.ei 1. if none of the hoc.-, ar
sold until the entire e?ot is gathered.
In this way. with l ra tiealiy ? o la..r
and very link- attention, lio ei.t.re
fti rnisheO
itb
herd
grain fe-d throughout
spring, summer, and fall.
for lie- ooh int orne
t fir- iu el hod
.r
r
l svsleot. it a pp a i r
of hogg'.ng dwn rye
He can kill the hogs and turf
nd tuer-tore tr.e
Iriit in iaiiiis -
Two sows should raise piKf "f
i - f..p.r 10 nig? to siaugiu
fivinsr the larmer i
-U11 m-,' oir should weigh, when
tin
meat liimself. and tner-lore the oaiy
direct money outlay required after
the hogs are 'oougbt i? for eed and
implements for cultivation and kill
ing, and ossibIy a small amourd
t-eeded for fei.eing.
those t.'ho desire more infor
mation on hog raising il is sjgg't-si.ed
ibat thev wiite to the lepartmerit of
maie'.y i.iirr. toe fvaio
cutting, thra-iiing atsd
croo, but in addition to th
ttia
ghi-
r turn- as
! ting t h-
ash r-
turn.-, the ii.-gs build up the s.il and
j save the cos: of in nor. This, il must
! be repeated, is the real purpose of
j such a syst-ru. With iaJ...r already
' scarce, and I.e. ..ruing scarcer ev-rr
1 vtr. sooie su'ostitute must
i in "e oi.. no -u
1 par.m- iti. the
i e fo.intb
oi f, ciausis ij. me -
sv.-.i-n. width has jus
r.r
i
Maugnteteu. , M Thi-S t
2 000 pounds of
.rii ulture. n 3B--hmgtn. I-
the folio.ving Farmers' liulbtin..:
Xo. 411. Hog Itaising in the Souti
No t2. Hog Ilous'-s.
b"e'' fit- -i ,"lii- fl 'ITlil? to I r- Soilfid ai.d
proportio:
!u? o v
at 'east f.tr a coii.siuerab:
the farms ir: tb "
a n it :'; n t-d.
i.
It
?b i
M i
I:
11
I!
v
13
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S 3. j
! '
il
n
P
II
t
i
i
3