The farmer and mechanic. [volume], June 29, 1915, Page 5, Image 5

About The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 18??-19??

Image provided by: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Library, Chapel Hill, NC

                
THE FARMER AND MtiCHAfUU
trUN THIS tin ur
J BKEF.
Urge majority el meat consum
j have no knowledge whatever of
-, food value of meat from different
rVrt of the carcass, but make their
selections of meat solely according to
DiWt or fancy. In fact, little accurate
V u along this line has hitherto been
avuil.ible to those who wished to buy
t 'eati on a rational basis. As a re-
uir a few well-known cuts are gen-
erillv ja demand, and the remainder
Vf the carcass is a drug on the mar
I et." To such an extreme has this
nn.iition developed that a portion of
the carcass (lions and ribs), forming
Au about one-fourth of its weight,
represents nearly one-half of its re
tiii test. In view of the large place
.hirh meat occupies in the American
rUcL amounting to nearly one-third of
the average expenditure lor au iooa,
hf importance of an intelligent un
derstanding of the. subject on the part
q the consumer is reaaiiy apparent.
Not only are the foregoing state
ments true of meat producers and
i onnncrs as individuals, but it is
liUhly essential to the entire beef
. ittle industry, on the one hand, and
th- economic welfare of the beef-eat-iriu
public, on the other, that a more
intelligent understanding of the dif
ferent cuts of meat be acquired by
consumers generally. An increased
d mand for those portions of the car-
t.;Ss which are now difficult for the
WHY SUMMER SPRAYING
IS PRACTICED
By summer spraying is meant ap
plications during the period of foliage.
The work
against bud, leaf, and fruit-eating in
sects, and an arsenical is chiefly used.
Contact insecticides, exclusively used
in dormant-tree spraying, are also
employed in a dilate condition in the
contro1 of certain insects, as aphides,
pear psylla, leaf-hoppers, etc., but by
j-ai me largest part of summer spray-
u-oiisMfcis in tne application of
its treatment deserves detailed con
sideration. The principal pests to be controlled
are codling moth, the plum and ap
pie curcuiios, and the lesser apple
worm, which affect the fruit; and the
bud moth, canker worms and tent
caterpillars, which eat the foliage.
While these several pests exhibit in
dividual peculiarities in feeding, a sys
tem of spraying can be followed which
will greatly reduce them.
TRANSPLANTING MKTHOD OF
GROWING ONIONS.
in
arsenicals, either in water or more
generally in Bordeaux mixture, effect
mg in tne latter case, combination'
treatments for fungous and insect
troubles.
Two arsenicals are chiefly used,
namely, paris green and arsenate of
lead. The aim is to use these about
as strong as the foliage will stand
without injury, though well-made ar
senate of lead may be used in unnec
essarily large quantities without injury
to most plants. The foliage of some
fruits, as apple, pear, quince and
grape, is but rare.y injured by effec
tive strengths of Paris green, and
perhaps never by well-made arsenate
o: lead. But the foliage of stone
fruits, a-s cherry, plum and peach, is
on the whole quite tender, and arsen-
The number of workhouse inmates
n hngland has decreased since the
war.
HtND QUARTER
ROUND
A9
A3
& Hock eotxs
sen? porta
Ferns may be transplanted from
the woods to a sheltered spot about
he house or yard.
Double pcrtulaea is a quick-grow
ing and pretty dwarf annual. Plant
n sandy soil in a sunny place.
Remarkable improvement in the
dairy world has come with the grad
ing up of the herds.
On the farm ood facilities, good
management and good markets are
more valuable than the breed of fowls.
AROl'XD T1IK WORLD
IX A COW STABLK
Ry WIL.RER J. FRASER, Illinois
People do not stop to consider the
amount of time that might be saved
if a little more intelligence were ex
ercised in tasks done two or three
times each day on the farm. To illus
trate this, take the matter ot having
the milk room in a dairy barn incon-
viently located.
If the milker carries the milk of
ach cow fifty feet farther than need
e. that means three rods and back
V
4 ' . J
i
(By W. R. HEATTIR.)
The transplanting procep-s ofta
spoken of as the "new onion culture"
is merely a modification of the resru
lar seeding method. The objects
gained by transplanting are an earlier
crop, a uniform stand, and bulbs of
more regular size. Practically the en
tire Bermuda crop of the Southern
States is handled in this manner.
Where a small area is to be grown, the
transplanting process is the id.al
method, but for large area and where
labor is difficult to obtain, thU wTad
not be practical. Often transplanting,
the seedlings require rain or watering
in order that they may start, and for
this reason the transplanting process
is practically limited to areas where
some form of irrigation is available.
The seed is sown in greenhouses,
hot beds or cold frames at the rate of
3 1-2 or 4 pounds for each acre to be
planted. When the seedlings are
grown under cover, they arv given the
necessary attention regarding water-
ng and ventilation and kept crowing
rapidly until the time to set them in
the open ground. The seedlings are
"hardened" by increased ventilation
and exposure- and by withholding
water. When ready to transplant they
should be about the size of a lead pen
cil and rather stocky. The plants are
lifted from the seedbed and the roots
and tops are both trimmed some
what. Various methods are employed for
handling the plants in setting, but one
thing is necessary and that is straight
rows for ease in cultivation. The
transplanting process consists mainly
in pushing the root end of the seed
ling into the soil with one finger unl
then firming the soil about the plant.
This work is very laborious and can
only be perfoimed economically by
very cheap labor. A small plow, such
- is usually included with th wheol
.ire attachments, is often employed for
opening a furrow in which to set the
. -mall onion plants. As the plants are
set the soil is drawn about them by
hand. In transplanting, all inferior
plants should be rejected, thus insur
ing a more perfect stand and development.
FARM NOTES
The lirst printing press in the
l:nited States was set up in lC2y.
M
butcher to dispose of would contribute I icals must be employed with caution
lanrelv toward a more stable condition I Arsenate of lead is least likely to do
of tho trade and thus enable tb.6 pro- 1 harm, though repeated applications
ducer to operate With greater confi- I of this poison especially to peach, may
denco and economy. At the. &Uthe time J cause shot-holing and dropping of
it would effect a tremendous saving J leaves and burning of the fruit.
rrhr onr,o. mOT-w v.oIiipi I Summer spraying is perhaps more
x)f the various cuts and by enabling Practical in the case of the apple than
thA rofaiw t nr,cto -aAth ji smaller in that of any other fruit, and be-
margin ot profit, thereby helping to cause of the importance of the apple
fcolve the high cost OJ living, in so
far as meat is concerned.
Lola steaks average 69 per cent
.lean, 32 per cent visible fai, and 9
I r cent bone; Slrlqln steaks in gerj
eral contain a greater proportion of
lean and smaller .proportion of fat
than porterhouse and club steaks.
Hib roasts Contain, on the average,
5 per cent Jeaji, ?0 per cent visible
tat. and 15 per cent bone.
The various cuts made from the
round average 65 per cent lean, 18
Per cent fat. and 17 per cent bone.
Hound eteak contains 74 to 84 per
.iCent lean, the rump roast 49 per cent,
round poi roast 85 per cent, and
fcoup bones 8 to 66 Der cent.
Chuck cuts contain an average of
63 per cent lean. 19 per cent fat, and
11 per cent bone. The shoulder clod
Contains 80 per cent lean and only
5 per cent bone.
The various plate cues brisket,
havel and rib ends average 51 per
cent lean, 41 per cent fat, and 8 per
cent bone.
From tho DroDOrtions of lean, fat
and bone of different cuts, their
relative economy at retail prices may
we determined. The net cost of lean
meat is an approximate index of the
relative economy of steaks and roasts,
ince they are purchased and used for
the lean they contain: but in-com
paring boiling, stewing, and similar
meats the cost of gross meat, or fat
and lean combined should be more
largely considered, because the fat
more completely utilized, as in the
vase of meat loaf, hash, ham: itvrer.
a a corned beef.
The emptiness of things here below
is apt to be keenly felt before dinner.
l".r the average fanner the lironzc
turkey is perhaps the best breed, pos
sessing as they do hardiness with
huge size.
Save seeds of trees and shrubs, as.
they ripen, and plant them. This is
one way to multiply your ornamental
plants.
Early hatched pullets make the
best winter Jayers. next como the
year-old productions and as breeders
when mated with mature cockerels,
they are unsurpassed.
at each milking, or twelve rods per
clay for each cow. If a man milks
twelve cows it causes the extra labor
of carrying a pail of milk seventy-
two rods and carrying, back the empty
paid each day. In a herd of sixty
cows, the milkers would walk three
hundred and sixty rods and back, or
a total distance traveled ot two and
one-fourth miles per day. For a single
milker it would mean one hundred
and sixty-four miles extra walking per
year.
If a man commenced doing this
when he was fifteen years old and
kept it up for fifty years, he would
have walked eight thousand, two hun
dred miles, or one-third tho. distance
around the wTorld. Yet all of this
labor might have been saved by a
little headwork in planning the ar
rangement of the dairy barn so as to
make it unnecessary to carry the
milk the extra fifty feet.
If this saving of time be true with
the simple operation of milking, wrhat
does it mean when all the numberless
details of ieeding, clearing out stables
bedding, etc., are considered for a
lifetime? It means the saving of
several trips around the world for the
dairyman.
The dairyman who uses his brains
sufficiently to fully appreciate and put
into practice true aairy economy, can The swallow and swift are in rap-
and should make trips around the id flight, with but brief periods of
world, but doubtless he would appre- rest, from dawn until sunset, lu
ciate this traveling better if it were search of insects, which -constitute
done in a Pullman car and ocean liner their entire livin;
than in his own cow stable. '
Summer pruning tends to increase
the root growth and winter pruning
the wood growth.
"The first step to knowledge is to
know that we are ignorr.nt."
In the control of cedar rust on ap
ples, the remedy offered by experi
ment stations is to cut down and
burn the cedars that are in
neighborhood.
the
beet
It is
Young turnip, cabbage and
plants make the best of greens.
but a small job to plant these at differ
ent times, and they can be had all
summer.
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