The Madison daily leader. [volume], September 03, 1909, Image 1

About The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current

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POLITICAL UltlOH
OF WHOLE WORLD.
Project
to
Be Discussed
at a
Conference In Stockholm.
FEDERATION NOT INTENDED.
For First Time Delegate* From All
Nations Will Talk on the Question
at International Peace Congress.
Gei*m of the Idea In Other Bodies.
Political organization of the world
fis a pertinent anil practical topic for
present times will be the.principal sub
ject of discussion at the meeting of
the international peace congress at
Stockholm. Aug. 29 to Sept. 5. This
determination was reached at a ses
sion of the Berne bureau in Boston,
the official body having in charge tho
arrangements for the congress. The
vote of the bureau was upon this point:
"Further, it is concluded that at fu
ture congresses only one great ques
tion shall be placed in the foreground.
For this year it is the question of In
ternational organization."
Edwin D. Mead, one of the four
'American members of the Berue bu
reau—the others are Samuel T. Dut
ton of New York, Dr. Benjamin F.
Trueblood of Boston, secretary of the
American Peace society, and Mrs.
Belva A, Lockwood—says that the pre
cise meaning of "international organ
ization" is political organization of the
•tforld as a single body, just the same
as the subject of resolutions adopted
In 1903 by the Massachusetts legisla
ture. This idea has been also In the
minds of some, at least, of the Mo
honk delegates who have repeatedly
In the Molionk platform Indorsed the
proposition of an international legis
lative body and have even indicated
The Hague conferences as the germ out
of which the true world legislature
would probably be developed. At the
meeting of the Berne bureau at which
the above vote was adopted were
some twenty members, including Eng
lishmen, Frenchmen and Germans.
One of them was Senator La Fontaine
of Belgium, a leader In tlie movement
for universal peace.
First Discussion of Question.
This will be the first time that a
ftody of representatives of many na
"ttous, even though unofficial, has ever
discussed such a subject. Some writ
ers have seen a resemblance between
tbis discussion and that at the great
peace congresses of 1S48, 1S49 and 1S50
at Brussels, Paris and Frankfort re
spectively, where Ellhu Burritt urged
bis plan for a congress of nations and
establishment of a high court of jus
tice. Mr. Burritt even used the ex
pression "an international legislature,"
tout his plan was as Mr. Mead said in
Ibe Old South Leaflet, No. 140, contain
ing Burritt's addresses at these places,
"finally realized at The Hague."
What Burritt and his fellow workers
bad in mind was a single gathering of
delegates, like that of The Hague In
1899, to formulate a code of interna
tional law or method of procedure for
all nations by the authority of all na
tions for settlement of differences be
tween them. This was realized at The
Hague by the holding of the confer
ence and establishment of The Hague
Court of arbitration. Mr. Burritt was
explicit in saying that his plan did not
propose any such organization as ex
teflkn the union of states in the Unit
ed States. Burritt's effort was to se
cure the peace of the world.
No Idea of a World Federation.
The Stockholm discussion, therefore.
Must be regarded as the first formal
public discussion in a large way of
political unity of all nations as a single
Organism. But this discussion has
nothing of a world federation idea in
It. liather there is believed to be in
progress a natural, inevitable develop
ment of the unity of the human race
(existing in the very fact of the races
$eiug upon the earth) into a formal
political union. There are already
plenty of instances to Illustrate world
legislation, more or less partial and
Incomplete, but still an expression of
the will of nations. The conventions
Of the universal postal union and both
Of the peace conferences at The Hague
*re conspicuous illustrations.
Still further, the second conference
»t The Hague, in 1907. proposed the
t1
erm of the world judicial department
the convention for an international
|rize court. The recent international
|iavat conference In London, beginning
last December, in which ten nations
look part, including the United States,
proposed the formation of a practical
', 'jfcode. There is good authority for tak
T- (ng this view of the probable develop
fnent from this creation of tbe second
llague conference.
Germ In Executive Departments.
As to the executive department of
a si^he world, it is already revealed In
Several minor executive offices con
tweeted with international bureaus.
'•^Dhe permanent office of the universal
*§ostal union has a constant executive
Jfctaff. There is one counected with the
international body near Paris, having
fo do with weights and measures, and
connected with the permanent
WidL arbitration asd tbr
ti *1"
A 'VV
1 1 v
tional Institute of Agriculture at
Rome. These are all true executive
offices, however humble their grade
hence, taking The Hague conference
ns the germ of a world legislature,
which can be made out very plausi
bly, it appears that there is already in
existence the beginning of each of the
three departments essential to a fully
equipped political body, the legislative,
the judicial and the executive. These
will doubtless have their full weight in
the coming discussion.
True World LegislatuM,
What gives practical aspect to the
Stockholm program is the fact that
the interparliamentary union Is com
mitted to something very much like a
propaganda for world political organ
ization. It presented to the second
Hague conference a request that it
proceed to call a third conference, and
that action was taken with this idea
that out of these conferences of dele
gates to an official international gath
ering, expressing the will of the na
tions, which, when ratified by tho
home governments, becomes the form
al will of the world, would be devel
oped the true world legislature, and
this, after due process of development,
would have methods and authority of a
legislative body. It is recognized that
the nations are merely feeling their
way to this solution of tho problem of
world unity. On the part of the men
taking part in the conferences the dis
position is not to rush natural progress
of events, but to recognize the true
nature of what is in progress and to
promote it.
Idea Advanoed In America.
Much has been done in the United
States to advance this Idea of world
political uuity. Perhaps the Mohonk
platforms have been most conspicuous,
representative and authoritative. But
|he Massachusetts legislature in 1903,
Allowing a beginning in 1902. adopted
unanimously in each branch resolu
tions for a regular International con
gress. Eminent indorsement of the
idea was made soon after by leading
Pennsylvania jurists and business
men. The Universal Peace union has
favored it. The American Peace so
ciety has been at the front of the ef
fort. Tbe National Congregational
council gave it its formal approval,
and several religious bodies adopted
resolutions in Its favor.
The Interparliamentary union at its
session at St. Louis in September. 1904,
gave 6trong approval and really took
the initiative toward calling the second
Hague conference. The Massachusetts
state board of trade indorsed it unani
mously. The Greenacre fellowship
urged support of tbe United States del
egation at The Hague in 1907. In
stances might be named further where
the idea has received support In the
United States.
While this movement has been taken
up and emphasized by tbe leaders in
the peace movement It did not origi
nate there, but as a phase of world
politics. It is true that the peace peo
ple now believe that their cause can be
best promoted by discussion of the po
litical organization of the world, but in
tbe nature of tbe movement there Is
no reason .why men who believe in
arms as a means of securing peace be
tween nations should not join in the
effort to secure a system of world
courts which will make wars impossi
ble and will further organise legisla
tive and executive departments for
promotion of general welfare. But
whatever the outcome of the discus
sion and whatever of future Impor
tance is wrapped up in tbe proposed
program. It Is for the first time defi
nitely announced that a great Interna
tional gathering will discuss for its
main subject tbe organization of tbe
human race as a single political body.
—Boston Cor. New York Post.
WAR GAME INCIDENT.
IHE COUIITRY'S HEEDS
More Farms, Fewer Fighting Ma
chines, Says B. F. Yoakum.
TELLS OF MONEY SQUANDERED
Chairman of Rock Island-Frisco Rail
road System Declares Money Wast
ed by Government Would Reclaim
Farmer
Has
of
Picturesque Scene at the Battle
Middleboro In Massachusetts.
One of the picturesque sights recall
ed by tbe returning soldiers who par
ticipated in tbe recent war game in
Massachusetts is an incident of the
battle of Middleboro. A detachment
of the New York cavalry (reds) riding
pellmeil dowu the main street was aft
er a detachment of the Eighth Massa
chusetts blues, bent on its capture. As
the men passed the town ball they set
up a cheer, for there stood a statue,
surrounded by a lawn, of a soldier
mounted high on a granite pedestal.
Underneath the soldier's form, which
was shown with musket in band, was
this legend:
"To the Defenders of Our Country.
Right beside it stood a beautiful wo
man dressed all In blue, holding a bou
quet of blue flowers In her hand, while
she had just finished the task of strew
ing other blue flowers about the foot
of tbe statue. The cavalrymen hesi
tated a moment to cheer, onfe of tbem
cried out, "Oh, you bluey!" and then
they all put spurs to their horses to
overhaul the retreating blues before
they could find safety In the main
body, from which they had Milled
forth as scoots.
Pleasant Reward rroirerea
Ralph Willis of Wllkesbarre, Pa..
recently found a wallet containing 9%
000.
-and
2'i
when he returned it to the
owner be was offered as a reward a
vacation trip of bis own choosing
through tbe United States. Be baa
not dadded whether to accept tbe r*
Mrt«amCor
Good Judgment.
'Good judgment and fair dealing are
found more generally among farmers
than in persons in other occupations,
and when they earnestly take hold of
public questions they will occupy a
place in our political structure that will
make their good Judgment and fair
conclusions felt more aud more in solv
ing tbe relations of the government
and its Institutions.
"The United States government nine
teen years ago commenced the con
struction of the Illinois and Mississippi
canal. Its length Is seventy-five miles,
and It has cost to date, with Interest
at 3 per cent, over $9,000,000. or $120.
000 per mile. To maintalu this canal
in its present useless condition costs
the country's taxpayers $90,000 a year,
exclusive of interest on the Investment.
A freight boat has never passed
through it.
"I mention this to illustrate one un
dertaking of tbe many which, through
tbe lack of system or intelligent plan
ning In advance of the construction of
our inland waterways, make up the
$80,000,000 which is referred to by
Commissioner Herbert Knox Smith as
wasted.
"Tbe government has expended ap
proximately $225,000,000 on the Im
provement of the Mississippi river and
its tributaries. The tonnage handled
over the waters of the Mississippi last
year was one-third less than it was
twenty years ago.
8hould Make More Farm*
"The story of government extrava
gance of this kind is being told so
broadly through the newspapers that
the masses are beginning to realize
that something is wrong.
"The same disregard of the value of
money would send the strongest pri
vate business in this country into bank
ruptcy. A proper use of tbe pruning
knife in a downward revision of ex
penses would bring surprising results.
"It is not practicable to itemize where
reductions should be made, but they
must come. The deficit should
cared for by reducing expenditures and
not by raising taxes to increase rev
enues.
"Tbe European nations are teaching
ns a lesson. The controversies in Eng
land, the recent troubles In Spain, tbe
unrest in Russia, the quarreling over
military taxes In Germany. and tbe
struggle against new taxes In France
should strengthen our faith in tbe
proposition that it is better to grow
more farm products and make pros
perous the man who sows and har
vests than to build more battleships
and new guns.
"Secretary of Agriculture Wilson re.
cently said that the most pressing
needs of tbe United States are a great
er proportion of farmers and more
farming land In cultivation.
"We would better spend more of the
money we burn up in powder in mak
ing new farms.
Qun's Price Would Make 196 Homes
"A forty acre farm of Irrigated land
will comfortably support a family of
#re. It costs $55,000 to make a twelve
inch gun. Tbe money that goes to pay
fur this gun would reclaim 1,571 acres
Of land, providing homes for 190 peo
pie. When all the guns ou all the bat
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tieahips are shot one time tbe govern*
dit 7» i
i
4 0 ill W&'X
MADISON. SOUTH DAKOTA, FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 3. 1909
$150,000. This would reclaim more
than 4.000 u res of land, giving homes
to more than 500 fanners and their
families. The money consumed in JKW
der Is lost to all the future. The farmer
who buys the reclaimed land must pay
the government back in ten years, so
it does not cost the government any
thing to build up the country by help
ing the farmer. We should make more
homes and not ao tnany fighting ma
chine*."
NEW MARINE MONOPLANE.
R.
Much Land and Build Many Homes.
Expressing the opinion that tbe Unit
ed states government would do better
to encourage the development of more
farms Instead of more battleships. B.
F. Yoakum, chairman of the executive
committee of the Rock Island-Frisco
railroad system^ recently delivered atf
Shawnee, Ok la., before the Farmers'
union of Oklahoma a notable address
on the partnership between the rail
roads and the fawn—. Be said in
part:
"The farmers and the railroads are
natural partners. The first thing in
quired about by an investor in new
railroad securities is the character of
the country which the road will serve.
If it can be shown that tbe territory to
be served by the new railroad is a good
farming country the greatest trouble
in finding the money to build bus been
overcome. On the other hand, the lirst
question a farmer seeking a location
in a new country asks Is, 'What are
its railroad facilities?'
'The things most needed by tbe
farmer and the railroad, but which are
neglected, to the detriment of both, are
a better acquaintance and closer work
ing relations. These mutual benefits
can be attained through the officers of
the Farmers' union, representing the
producers, and the officers of the rail
roads, representing the carriers, deal
ing directly with each other.
"This country now needs what our
forefathers used In laying its founda
tion—a lot of old fashioned common
sense.
A. Moore of Chicaao to Try Otil
One For Use Over Water.
A new type of mouoplane especially
designed for service over the water
will soon, according to reports, In? tried
out near Washington, 'lhe machine,
which was Invented by It. A. Moore
of Chicago, will be thirty-five feet long
and nine feet wide. Out- feature will
be that, wline carrying only a single
planu. It will consist of double sur
faces about eight Inches apart, con
nected by a thiu covering, so as to
nerve as a tloaling bladder should tbe
craft fall into the water while trying
to land ou a tnun-of-war.
Sir. Moore has procured a level tract
of laud not far from Fort Myer, and
there he will erect an uerodome and
make experimental tilghts. The uew
emit weighs only 250 pounds, and
from a thirty-five horsepower engine
at high speed, one report has it, 100
miles an hour is anticipated by the
Inventor. The monoplane will be pro
pelled by three screws attached to
a
frame between the plane aud the car.
Mr. Moore hopes to sell bis machine to
the navy department after demonstrat
ing its utility.
Another feature of Mr. Moore's ma
chine is a compressed air attachment
to the engine by which sufficient
power Is stored to propel the ma
chine for ten miles In case of accident
This contrivance, if It works, will meet
the greatest obstacle the Wright broth
ers found to long distance flying away
from a given starting point when tho
nature ot the ground to be passed over
ind the possibility of finding good
landing places must necessarily b®
more or less unknown.
SICKLES ON THE WAR GAME.
General Thinks Good Showing Due to
Work of General Staff.
Major General Daniel E. Sickles,
U. 8. A., retired, said tbe other day
that the mimic war In Massachusetts
between the reds aud the blues,
which recently ended, proved conclu
sively that a foreign Invasion of the
United States between Boston and
New York was u military impossibil
ity. According to the general, the ma
neuvers showed great improvement In
military effectiveness over conditions
twenty years ago. For this magnificent
showing General Sickles said that the
work of the general staff, originated
by Elihu Uoot when the latter was sec
retary of war, was largely responsible.
The general thinks that we now have
splendidly effective regular army,
with a national guard amenable to
federal authority to an eff«k tlve de
gree and working in co-operation with
the regular establishment under con
trol of the general staff. The concen
tration of 14.000 men with uniformity
of equipment, sufficiency of transport
and Including, as It did, troops of the
cavalry, engineering aud heavy artil
lery arms of the service, could not
have been attempted a few years ago,
In the general's opinion, without the
expenditure of extraordinary effort.
Genenil Sickles was of the opinion
A
FOR SALE BY
ipg
$1000.00
Given for any mbatasce in-1
jurioui to health louud in food
•etulting boat the u*e of
^Calumet
Baking
'owder
that General
Bliss
HUDSON-FULTON STAMP.
Issue of 80,000,000 to Commemorate
Notable Celebration.
Postmaster General Hitchcock re
cently signed an order for the issu
ance of a new two cent stamp in com
memoration of the Hudson-Fulton cel
ebration at New York.
It is oblong in shape, being about
seven-eighths of an inch by one and
three-eighths Inches In size. At the
top Is n wide border containing tbe
inscription, -Hudson-Fulton Cente
nary," with the dates 1609-1909 below
the inscription In a curved line are tho
words "U. S. Postage." and at tbe
bottom on each side is a prominent
Arabic numeral "2." with tbe words
"Two Cents" in a panel between the
figures.
In the center la engraved a picture
showing the Palisades of the Hudson,
with the Half Moon sailing up tbe
river and tbe Clermont steaming in
the opposite direction. In the fore
ground Is an Indian in a canoe, and In
the distauee four other Indians In a
canoe are discernible. The color of
the stamp Is that of the present two
cent issue. The order provides for an
issue of 50,000.000. It Is hoped to
harp them (ID sale on Sent. 20.
OFF WITH YOUR WHISKERS.
Queen Victoria Told King Alfonso
Looked Like an English Butler.
There Is an epilogue to the story of
the whiskers of King Alfonso of Spain,
which was recently cabled to New
York from London. Ills majesty when
he arrived at San Sebastian from Mad
rid was wearing side whiskers aud bad
had his hah- cut very short.
The king thought that this change
gave him tbe appearance of an ad
miral of the British navy, but Queen
Victoria Eugenia quickly remarked
that be looked more like an English
butler and urged him to shave the
whiskers off. This his majesty did,
for when he returned to Madrid be
was whlskeriess once more and looked
younger than ever.
Ton of Tree Seeds For Forests.
Two thousand |xunds of tree seeds
will be gathered tills yeur lu the na
tional forests of California to be used
later In sowing ou tracts where tree
growth is most needed. Extensive
sowing operations will be conducted
in selected California national forests.
Progress reports liave beeu called for.
and 111 the forests in the state where
there is a gmxl se»d crop the supervis
ors bnve been asked to bend every ef­
fort to Insure tile collection of the re
quired amou'if of kwkI
THB,
David M.Pfaelzer& Co.
is the pioneer of Com
bination suits and the
peer of any mad*
Double seat and kmes
of sam: material taped
seams. Every weak
point in other makes is
doubly strengthened in
Um
Wearbelttt»
A chain isno stronger
than its weakest link."
Call and inspect them
as well as the complete
assortment of Wear
better" Young Men's and
other Children's suits.
Quality prtvmil.
fl* if"
uikii
llEkf:! i
i ifmmmm guinMflhm i.
outmaneuvered Gen­
eral Pew in the New Kngland war
game, but gave as the reason the fact
that the former general was a regular
and h%d therefore had more experi
ence.
•MEMBER Of*
OUR MOTTO
HONEST CONCRETE1
CO"V"IO»«TS0
W. a MARQUART,
CHAS. B. KENNEDY
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